Thermal modeling of large prismatic LiFePO4/graphite battery. Coupled thermal and heat generation models for characterization and simulation

Abstract This paper deals with the thermal modeling of a large prismatic Li-ion battery (LiFePO 4 /graphite). A lumped model representing the main thermal phenomena in the cell, in and outside the casing, is hereby proposed. Most of the parameters are determined analytically using physical and geometrical properties. The heat capacity, the internal and the interfacial thermal resistances between the battery and its cooling system are experimentally identified. On the other hand, the heat sources modeling is considered to be one of the most difficult task. In order to overcome this problem, a heat generation model is included. More specifically, the electrical losses are computed thanks to an electrical model which is represented by an equivalent electric circuit. A method is also proposed for parameter determination which is based on a quasi-steady state assumption. It also takes into account the battery heating during characterization which is the temperature variation due to heat generation during current pulses. This temperature variation is estimated thanks to the coupled thermal and heat generation models. The electrical parameters are determined as function of state of charge (SoC), temperature and current. Finally, the proposed coupled models are experimentally validated with a precision of 1 °C.

[1]  Bernard Bäker,et al.  Current density and state of charge inhomogeneities in Li-ion battery cells with LiFePO4 as cathode material due to temperature gradients , 2011 .

[2]  Cheng Lin,et al.  Research on thermo-physical properties identification and thermal analysis of EV Li-ion battery , 2009, 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[3]  B. Fultz,et al.  Thermodynamics of Lithium Intercalation into Graphites and Disordered Carbons , 2004 .

[4]  Abdellatif Miraoui,et al.  Multiphysical Lithium-Based Battery Model for Use in State-of-Charge Determination , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  Miroslav Krstic,et al.  PDE model for thermal dynamics of a large Li-ion battery pack , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference.

[6]  Shaohua Lin,et al.  A linear parameter-varying model for HEV/EV battery thermal modeling , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[7]  D. Sauer,et al.  Dynamic electric behavior and open-circuit-voltage modeling of LiFePO4-based lithium ion secondary batteries , 2011 .

[8]  C. Forgez,et al.  Modeling diffusive phenomena using non integer derivatives , 2004 .

[9]  J. Newman,et al.  Heats of mixing and of entropy in porous insertion electrodes , 2003 .

[10]  Dinh Vinh Do,et al.  Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery , 2010 .

[11]  Yves Bertin,et al.  Refroidissement des machines électriques tournantes , 1999, Conversion de l'énergie électrique.

[12]  Ellen Ivers-Tiffée,et al.  The distribution of relaxation times as basis for generalized time-domain models for Li-ion batteries , 2013 .

[13]  Federico Baronti,et al.  Online Adaptive Parameter Identification and State-of-Charge Coestimation for Lithium-Polymer Battery Cells , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Jason B. Siegel,et al.  A lumped-parameter electro-thermal model for cylindrical batteries , 2014 .

[15]  Jun Liu,et al.  Effect of entropy change of lithium intercalation in cathodes and anodes on Li-ion battery thermal management , 2010 .

[16]  B. Bäker,et al.  Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy - A method for the thermal characterization of high power battery cells , 2013 .

[17]  nasa Thermal Network Modelling Handbook , 2011 .

[18]  E. Barsoukov,et al.  Thermal impedance spectroscopy for Li-ion batteries using heat-pulse response analysis , 2002 .

[19]  S.Kar Chowdhury,et al.  A simple lumped parameter thermal model for electrical machine of TEFC design , 2010, 2010 Joint International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems & 2010 Power India.

[20]  Ellen Ivers-Tiffée,et al.  A novel and precise measuring method for the entropy of lithium-ion cells: ΔS via electrothermal impedance spectroscopy , 2014 .

[21]  Ben Li,et al.  Advanced Electro-Thermal Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications , 2007, 2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[22]  Mehdi Gholizadeh,et al.  Estimation of State of Charge, Unknown Nonlinearities, and State of Health of a Lithium-Ion Battery Based on a Comprehensive Unobservable Model , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  Yi Ding,et al.  Online Parameterization of Lumped Thermal Dynamics in Cylindrical Lithium Ion Batteries for Core Temperature Estimation and Health Monitoring , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[24]  Wolfgang Dreyer,et al.  The thermodynamic origin of hysteresis in insertion batteries. , 2010, Nature materials.

[25]  Guy Friedrich,et al.  Modelling Ni-mH battery using Cauer and Foster structures , 2006 .

[26]  Xianguo Li,et al.  Measurements of heat generation in prismatic Li-ion batteries , 2014 .

[27]  J. Newman,et al.  Thermal Modeling of Porous Insertion Electrodes , 2003 .

[28]  R. Ciobanu,et al.  Development of a thermal simulation and testing model for a superior lithium-ion-polymer battery , 2012, 2012 13th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM).

[29]  J. Pyrhonen,et al.  Three-Dimensional Thermal Model of a Lithium Ion Battery for Hybrid Mobile Working Machines: Determination of the Model Parameters in a Pouch Cell , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[30]  Guy Friedrich,et al.  Modeling of the diffusion phenomenon in a lithium-ion cell using frequency or time domain identification , 2013, Microelectron. Reliab..

[31]  T. Araki,et al.  Thermal behavior of small lithium-ion battery during rapid charge and discharge cycles , 2006 .

[32]  Ji‐Guang Zhang,et al.  Effects of entropy changes in anodes and cathodes on the thermal behavior of lithium ion batteries , 2009 .

[33]  Chakib Alaoui,et al.  Solid-State Thermal Management for Lithium-Ion EV Batteries , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[34]  Taeyoung Han,et al.  Full-Range Simulation of a Commercial LiFePO4 Electrode Accounting for Bulk and Surface Effects: A Comparative Analysis , 2014 .