Measuring Well-Being and Progress

Well-being is becoming a concept which is more and more involved in any world development consideration. A large amount of work is being carried out to study measurements of well-being, including a more holistic vision on the development and welfare of a country. This paper proposes an idea of well-being and progress being in equilibrium with each other. This is distant from the two extreme positions: poor but happy, and rich then happy; too romantic the first, and reductive the second. After a short explanation on the meaning of Objective and Subjective well-being, we show some interesting relations between economic and social variables, and we propose a new index to measure the well-being and progress of the countries: the Well-being & Progress Index (WIP). It includes several aspects of well-being and progress, like human rights, economic well-being, equality, education, research, quality of urban environment, ecological behaviours, subjective well-being, longevity, and violent crime. The most frequently used indexes usually only focus on some aspects, like ecology, or economy, or policy, or education, or happiness, and so forth. On the contrary, this new WIP index allows a global and well-balanced vision, thanks to the large range of indicators used, and how representative they are.

[1]  J. Bentham An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation , 1945, Princeton Readings in Political Thought.

[2]  F. E. Principles of Economics , 1890, Nature.

[3]  T. Veblen The Theory of the Leisure Class , 1901 .

[4]  A. Flux The national income , 1929 .

[5]  L. Robbins,et al.  An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science. , 1934 .

[6]  Simon Kuznets,et al.  National Income, 1929-1932 , 1934 .

[7]  J. Hicks,et al.  A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value. Part I , 1934 .

[8]  P. Samuelson A Note on the Pure Theory of Consumer's Behaviour , 1938 .

[9]  F. W. Irwin The realism of expectations. , 1944 .

[10]  F. Modigliani Fluctuations in the Saving-Income Ratio: A Problem in Economic Forecasting , 1949 .

[11]  J. Duesenberry,et al.  Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior , 1950 .

[12]  H. Houthakker Revealed Preference and the Utility Function , 1950 .

[13]  D. Bernoulli Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk , 1954 .

[14]  H. Helson Adaptation-level theory : an experimental and systematic approach to behavior , 1964 .

[15]  S. Karlin,et al.  Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences , 1962 .

[16]  Robert A. Pollak,et al.  Habit Formation and Dynamic Demand Functions , 1970, Journal of Political Economy.

[17]  M. Appley,et al.  Adaptation-level theory : a symposium , 1971 .

[18]  D. Campbell,et al.  Hedonic relativism and planning the good society , 1971 .

[19]  A. Kapteyn,et al.  Futher Evidence on the Individual Welfare Function of Income: An Empirical Investigation in the Netherlands , 1973 .

[20]  Arie Kapteyn,et al.  Further evidence on the individual welfare function of income: An empirical investigatiion in The Netherlands , 1973 .

[21]  G. Becker A Theory of Social Interactions , 1974 .

[22]  Moses Abramovitz,et al.  Nations and households in economic growth : essays in honor of Moses Abramovitz , 1974 .

[23]  R. Easterlin Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence , 1974 .

[24]  R. Hall,et al.  Occupational Mobility and the Distribution of Occupational Success among Young Men , 1976 .

[25]  F. M. Andrews,et al.  The Quality of life : comparative studies , 1982 .

[26]  T. Wansbeek,et al.  Empirical evidence on preference formation , 1982 .

[27]  Daniel M. Hausman,et al.  The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology , 1984 .

[28]  Tom Wansbeek,et al.  THE INDIVIDUAL WELFARE FUNCTION - A REVIEW , 1985 .

[29]  S. Sudman,et al.  Time, Goods, and Well-Being , 1985 .

[30]  R. Frank The Demand for Unobservable and Other Nonpositional Goods , 1985 .

[31]  Kenneth J. Arrow,et al.  Preference, production, and capital: Preference and rational choice in the theory of consumption , 1989 .

[32]  R. Inglehart Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society , 1991 .

[33]  R. Hogarth Insights in Decision Making , 1990 .

[34]  A. Tversky,et al.  Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model , 1991 .

[35]  R. Veenhoven Is happiness relative? , 1991 .

[36]  Ed Diener,et al.  The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? , 1993 .

[37]  E. Diener,et al.  The affective and cognitive context of self-reported measures of subjective well-being , 1993 .

[38]  C. Carroll,et al.  Saving and Growth: A Reinterpretation , 1993 .

[39]  Daniel Kahneman New challenges to the rationality assumption , 1994 .

[40]  Allen Parducci,et al.  Happiness, Pleasure, and Judgment: The Contextual Theory and Its Applications , 1995 .

[41]  R. Easterlin Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all , 1995 .

[42]  E. Diener,et al.  Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. , 1995, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[43]  Avner Ben-Ner,et al.  Economics, Values, and Organization , 1998 .

[44]  Economics, values, and organization: The joyless market economy , 1998 .

[45]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology , 1999 .

[46]  Paul Frijters,et al.  The measurement of welfare and well-being; the Leyden approach , 1999 .

[47]  D. Myers The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[48]  G. Daly Ethics and economics. , 2000, Nursing economic$.

[49]  Bruno S. Frey,et al.  Happiness and economics , 2001 .

[50]  R. Easterlin Income and Happiness: Towards a Unified Theory , 2001 .

[51]  D. Kahneman A Psychological Perspective on Economics , 2003 .

[52]  D. Kahneman,et al.  A Survey Method for Characterizing Daily Life Experience: The Day Reconstruction Method , 2004, Science.

[53]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Toward National Well-Being Accounts , 2004 .

[54]  Daniel John Zizzo Interdependent Preferences , 2005 .

[55]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being , 2006 .

[56]  Luca D'Acci,et al.  Un modello per la simulazione dei valori immobiliari , 2007 .

[57]  O. Perfilieva OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, PIAAC , 2007 .

[58]  F. Y. Edgeworth Mathematical Psychics: An Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Moral Sciences , 2007 .

[59]  C. Welzel,et al.  Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness: A Global Perspective (1981–2007) , 2008, Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[60]  Luca D'Acci Spatial Distribution of Social Benefit Given by Urban Attractions: A Test of UrAD Model , 2009, ICCSA.

[61]  G. Rabino,et al.  Advances in Models and Methods for Planning , 2009 .

[62]  Patrizia Lombardi,et al.  MuSIC - A multi-scalar index for evaluating sustainability in cities , 2010 .

[63]  Nadīm Aḥmad,et al.  Incorporating Estimates of Household Production of Non-Market Services into International Comparisons of Material Well-Being , 2011 .

[64]  Fabiola Riccardini,et al.  How's life? : measuring well-being , 2011 .

[65]  Nicolás Ruiz Measuring the Joint Distribution of Household's Income, Consumption and Wealth Using Nested Atkinson Measures , 2011 .

[66]  Conal Smith,et al.  Exploring Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing in OECD Countries: Evidence from the World Value Survey , 2011 .

[67]  N. Johnstone,et al.  Environmental Quality and Life Satisfaction: Evidence Based on Micro-Data , 2012 .

[68]  Margherita Comola,et al.  THE DETERMINANTS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL- BEING IN OECD COUNTRIES – EVIDENCE FROM THE GALLUP WORLD POLL , 2012 .

[69]  Maryse Fesseau,et al.  Distributional Measures Across Household Groups in a National Accounts Framework: Results from an Experimental Cross-country Exercise on Household Income, Consumption and Saving , 2013 .

[70]  Maryse Fesseau,et al.  A Cross-country Comparison of Household Income, Consumption and Wealth between Micro Sources and National Accounts Aggregates , 2013 .