The stereology of projected images

A generalized, geometrical approach is adopted in reviewing the basic relationships of projected structures. Projections of features from a plane to a projection line, and from a three‐dimensional foil to a projection plane are considered briefly. The relationships that apply to apparent and total projections are next assembled for lines, surfaces and bounded regions. The properties of convex bodies, the geometrical attributes, and the related projected quantities are enumerated. The inter‐relationships of important microstructural parameters are expressed for convex bodies in space, in sections, and in the projection plane.