Noise-resilient quantum evolution steered by dynamical decoupling

Realistic quantum computing is subject to noise. Therefore, an important frontier in quantum computing is to implement noise-resilient quantum control over qubits. At the same time, dynamical decoupling can protect the coherence of qubits. Here we demonstrate non-trivial quantum evolution steered by dynamical decoupling control, which simultaneously suppresses noise effects. We design and implement a self-protected controlled-NOT gate on the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy centre and a nearby carbon-13 nuclear spin in diamond at room temperature, by employing an engineered dynamical decoupling control on the electron spin. Final state fidelity of 0.91(1) is observed in preparation of a Bell state using the gate. At the same time, the qubit coherence time is elongated at least 30 fold. The design scheme does not require the dynamical decoupling control to commute with the qubit interaction and therefore works for general qubit systems. This work marks a step towards implementing realistic quantum computing systems.

[1]  Jiangfeng Du,et al.  Observation of an anomalous decoherence effect in a quantum bath at room temperature , 2011, Nature communications.

[2]  J. Wrachtrup,et al.  Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins in Diamond , 2008, Science.

[3]  Guang-Can Guo,et al.  Preserving Coherence in Quantum Computation by Pairing Quantum Bits , 1997 .

[4]  Wang Yao,et al.  Restoring coherence lost to a slow interacting mesoscopic spin bath. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[5]  J. M. Taylor,et al.  Electron spin decoherence of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond , 2008, 0805.0327.

[6]  J. S. Hodges,et al.  Repetitive Readout of a Single Electronic Spin via Quantum Logic with Nuclear Spin Ancillae , 2009, Science.

[7]  L. Childress,et al.  Supporting Online Material for , 2006 .

[8]  Thierry Paul,et al.  Quantum computation and quantum information , 2007, Mathematical Structures in Computer Science.

[9]  D. Cory,et al.  Noise spectroscopy through dynamical decoupling with a superconducting flux qubit , 2011 .

[10]  Amir Yacoby,et al.  Dephasing time of GaAs electron-spin qubits coupled to a nuclear bath exceeding 200 μs , 2011 .

[11]  N. Zhao,et al.  Decoherence and dynamical decoupling control of nitrogen vacancy center electron spins in nuclear spin baths , 2011, 1108.2343.

[12]  John Preskill,et al.  Combining dynamical decoupling with fault-tolerant quantum computation , 2009, 0911.3202.

[13]  Daniel A. Lidar,et al.  Decoherence-Free Subspaces for Quantum Computation , 1998, quant-ph/9807004.

[14]  T. Taminiau,et al.  Detection and control of individual nuclear spins using a weakly coupled electron spin. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[15]  Navin Khaneja,et al.  Switched control of electron nuclear spin systems , 2007, 0707.1572.

[16]  Jacob M. Taylor,et al.  Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond , 2008, Nature.

[17]  John Preskill,et al.  Fault-tolerant quantum computation with long-range correlated noise. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[18]  Mile Gu,et al.  Quantum Computation as Geometry , 2006, Science.

[19]  Seth Lloyd,et al.  Universal Control of Decoupled Quantum Systems , 1999 .

[20]  P Cappellaro,et al.  Coherence and control of quantum registers based on electronic spin in a nuclear spin bath. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[21]  E. Knill,et al.  DYNAMICAL DECOUPLING OF OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEMS , 1998, quant-ph/9809071.

[22]  Ren-Bao Liu,et al.  Quantum many-body theory of qubit decoherence in a finite-size spin bath , 2008, 0806.0098.

[23]  D. Cory,et al.  Robust decoupling techniques to extend quantum coherence in diamond. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[24]  Kaveh Khodjasteh,et al.  Automated Synthesis of Dynamically Corrected Quantum Gates , 2012 .

[25]  Barbara M. Terhal,et al.  Fault-tolerant quantum computation for local non-Markovian noise , 2005 .

[26]  G. Uhrig.  Keeping a quantum bit alive by optimized pi-pulse sequences. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[27]  M. Nielsen.  A simple formula for the average gate fidelity of a quantum dynamical operation [rapid communication] , 2002, quant-ph/0205035.

[28]  A. Kitaev.  Quantum computations: algorithms and error correction , 1997 .

[29]  D. Lidar,et al.  Fault-tolerant quantum dynamical decoupling , 2004, 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[30]  Experimental protection of quantum gates against decoherence and control errors , 2012, 1206.2933.

[31]  Michael J. Biercuk,et al.  Experimental Uhrig Dynamical Decoupling using Trapped Ions , 2009, 0902.2957.

[32]  S. Lloyd,et al.  DYNAMICAL SUPPRESSION OF DECOHERENCE IN TWO-STATE QUANTUM SYSTEMS , 1998, quant-ph/9803057.

[33]  Nan Zhao,et al.  Sensing single remote nuclear spins. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[34]  D. D. Awschalom,et al.  Decoherence-protected quantum gates for a hybrid solid-state spin register , 2012, Nature.

[35]  L. Jiang,et al.  Quantum Register Based on Individual Electronic and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond , 2007, Science.

[36]  Wen Yang,et al.  Preserving qubit coherence by dynamical decoupling , 2010, 1007.0623.

[37]  R. Hanson,et al.  Single-spin magnetometry with multipulse sensing sequences. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[38]  Xing Rong,et al.  Preserving electron spin coherence in solids by optimal dynamical decoupling , 2009, Nature.

[39]  M. Ban.  Photon-echo technique for reducing the decoherence of a quantum bit , 1998 .

[40]  Daniel A. Lidar,et al.  High fidelity quantum gates via dynamical decoupling. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[41]  R Hanson,et al.  Universal Dynamical Decoupling of a Single Solid-State Spin from a Spin Bath , 2010, Science.

[42]  David G. Cory,et al.  Universal control of nuclear spins via anisotropic hyperfine interactions , 2007 .

[43]  Dieter Suter,et al.  Robust dynamical decoupling for quantum computing and quantum memory. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[44]  S. Bennett,et al.  Sensing distant nuclear spins with a single electron spin. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[45]  P. Zanardi.  Symmetrizing Evolutions , 1998, quant-ph/9809064.

[46]  Ren-Bao Liu,et al.  Anomalous decoherence effect in a quantum bath. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[47]  A. Varon,et al.  Protecting conditional quantum gates by robust dynamical decoupling. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[48]  Daniel A. Lidar,et al.  Arbitrarily accurate dynamical control in open quantum systems. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[49]  S. Sarma,et al.  Quantum Decoherence of the Central Spin in a Sparse System of Dipolar Coupled Spins , 2012, 1204.2834.

[50]  Ya Wang,et al.  Coherence-protected quantum gate by continuous dynamical decoupling in diamond. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[51]  Timo O. Reiss,et al.  Optimal control of coupled spin dynamics: design of NMR pulse sequences by gradient ascent algorithms. , 2005, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[52]  Ren-Bao Liu,et al.  Protection of quantum systems by nested dynamical decoupling , 2010, 1006.1601.