Mechanisms for the ultrasonic enhancement of dairy whey ultrafiltration

Low frequency ultrasound has been used to facilitate cross-flow ultrafiltration of dairy whey solutions. Experimental results show that ultrasonic irradiation at low power levels can significantly enhance the permeate flux with an enhancement factor of between 1.2 and 1.7. The use of turbulence promoters (spacers) in combination with ultrasound can lead to a doubling in the permeate flux. The application of a combined pore blockage/cake resistance model to the observed experimental data suggests that the use of ultrasound acts to lower the compressibility of both the initial protein deposit and the growing cake. Conversely, the pore blockage parameter is not significantly affected. The use of a gel polarization model shows that the ultrasonic irradiation increases the mass transfer coefficient within the concentration polarization layer. Electron microscopy results showed no evidence that the ultrasonic irradiation altered the membrane integrity. HPLC analysis of the whey proteins in the feed solution before and after sonication showed that the concentration profile of the whey proteins was also not affected by the sonication process.

[1]  A. Zydney,et al.  A Combined Pore Blockage and Cake Filtration Model for Protein Fouling during Microfiltration. , 2000, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[2]  Kaseno,et al.  Ultrasonic Effect on Ultrafiltration Properties of Ceramic Membrane , 1995 .

[3]  A. Wilhelm,et al.  Power measurement in sonochemistry , 1995 .

[4]  Takaomi Kobayashi,et al.  Ultrasound-associated cleaning of polymeric membranes for water treatment , 1999 .

[5]  J. Howell,et al.  The effect of pulsed flow on ultrafiltration fluxes in a baffled tubular membrane system , 1990 .

[6]  Dianne E. Wiley,et al.  Ultrafiltration of whey protein solutions in spacer-filled flat channels , 1993 .

[7]  Dianne E. Wiley,et al.  Novel spacer design improves observed flux , 2004 .

[8]  Kenneth S. Suslick,et al.  Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical, and Biological Effects , 1988 .

[9]  Takaomi Kobayashi,et al.  Ultrasound effect on cross-flow filtration of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes , 1998 .

[10]  Z. Cui,et al.  Gas—liquid two-phase cross-flow ultrafiltration of BSA and dextran solutions☆ , 1994 .

[11]  K. Landman,et al.  Measurement and Prediction of the Ultrafiltration of Whey Protein , 2004 .

[12]  Edwin N. Lightfoot,et al.  Protein ultrafiltration: A general example of boundary layer filtration , 1972 .

[13]  Timothy J. Mason,et al.  The uses of ultrasound in food technology , 1996 .

[14]  E. Tarleton.  How electric and ultrasonic fields assist membrane filtration , 1988 .

[15]  Yves Lion,et al.  Sonolysis of aqueous surfactant solutions. Probing the interfacial region of cavitation bubbles by spin trapping , 1989 .

[16]  Andrew L. Zydney,et al.  Analysis of humic acid fouling during microfiltration using a pore blockage-cake filtration model , 2002 .

[17]  Mikko O. Lamminen,et al.  Mechanisms and factors influencing the ultrasonic cleaning of particle-fouled ceramic membranes , 2004 .

[18]  Shobha Muthukumaran,et al.  The optimisation of ultrasonic cleaning procedures for dairy fouled ultrafiltration membranes. , 2005, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[19]  Wei-Shou Hu,et al.  Bioseparations: Downstream Processing for Biotechnology , 1988 .

[20]  C. Muangnapoh,et al.  Effects of the Ultrasonic Waves on Microfiltration in Plate and Frame Module , 2001 .

[21]  B. Bellhouse,et al.  Application of electric fields and vortex mixing for enhanced ultrafiltration , 1994 .

[22]  J Schwinge,et al.  Characterization of a zigzag spacer for ultrafiltration , 2000 .

[23]  C. Fonade,et al.  Flux enhancement in crossflow filtration using an unsteady jet , 1997 .

[24]  C. Fonade,et al.  How slug flow can enhance the ultrafiltration flux in mineral tubular membranes , 1997 .

[25]  Z. Cui,et al.  Enhancement of ultrafiltration by gas sparging with flat sheet membrane modules , 1998 .

[26]  D. M. Wrigley,et al.  Decrease of Salmonella typhimurium in Skim Milk and Egg by Heat and Ultrasonic Wave Treatment. , 1992, Journal of food protection.

[27]  B. Bellhouse,et al.  Effect of liquid pulsation on protein fractionation using ultrafiltration processes , 1996 .

[28]  E. Russell Ritenour,et al.  Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical, and Biological Effects , 1989 .

[29]  R. Sanderson,et al.  Ultrasonic cleaning of nylon microfiltration membranes fouled by Kraft paper mill effluent. , 2002 .

[30]  G. Jonsson.  Boundary layer phenomena during ultrafiltration of dextran and whey protein solutions , 1984 .

[31]  Takaomi Kobayashi,et al.  Ultrasound enhanced cross-flow membrane filtration , 1999 .

[32]  Chao Zhu,et al.  Modeling of ultrasonic enhancement on membrane distillation , 2000 .

[33]  N. Gondrexon,et al.  Low-Frequency Ultrasound to Improve Dead-End Ultrafiltration Performance , 2000 .

[34]  N. Gondrexon,et al.  A comparative study between classical stirred and ultrasonically-assisted dead-end ultrafiltration. , 2000, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[35]  Takahide Kimura.  Standardization of ultrasonic power for sonochemical reaction , 1996 .

[36]  R. Wakeman,et al.  Electro-acoustic crossflow microfiltration , 1992 .

[37]  Shoji Kimura,et al.  IMPROVEMENT OF MEMBRANE PERMEATION PERFORMANCE BY ULTRASONIC MICROFILTRATION , 1996 .

[38]  Shobha Muthukumaran,et al.  The use of ultrasonic cleaning for ultrafiltration membranes in the dairy industry , 2004 .

[39]  W. K. Lewis,et al.  Factors Determining the Capacity of a Filter Press. , 1912 .

[40]  G. Haar.  The Acoustic Bubble , 1996 .

[41]  M. Clifton,et al.  Ultrafiltration of colloidal dispersions : A theoretical model of the concentration polarization phenomena , 1999 .

[42]  I Masselin,et al.  Effect of sonication on polymeric membranes , 2001 .

[43]  Nobuyuki Fujii,et al.  Ultrasound-enhanced membrane-cleaning processes applied water treatments: influence of sonic frequency on filtration treatments. , 2003, Ultrasonics.