Tropical forests and adaptation to climate change: in search of synergies

Carmenza Robledo, Markku Kanninen, Lucio Pedroni This book encompasses inputs from science, policy making and development cooperation with regard to the linkages between climate change, sustainable livelihoods and biological diversity. It presents experiences, challenges and alternatives to scientists and practitioners for commonly assessing the needs of poor livelihoods to successfully cope with climate change as well as for bridging the gap towards a meaningful implementation of adaptation measures. It is based on the recognition of the need to establish a bridge between science, policy making and development cooperation with regard to promoting adaptation to climate change and variability at the local level. The Swiss Foundation for Development and International Cooperation (Intercooperation), the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), and the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), with the financial support of the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC), have jointly worked for a period of two years before completing of this book. Many of the articles included are based on the discussions that took place during the international workshop on “Adaptation to Climate Change, Sustainable Livelihoods and Biological Diversity“, held March 2004 in Turrialba, Costa Rica. Tropical forests and adaptation to climate change

[1]  H. Neue,et al.  Methane Emissions from Major Rice Ecosystems in Asia , 2012, Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences.

[2]  C. Perrings.  Resilience and sustainable development , 2006, Environment and Development Economics.

[3]  Richard J. T. Klein,et al.  Integrating mitigation and adaptation into climate and development policy: three research questions , 2005 .

[4]  S. Bass.  Reducing Poverty and Sustaining the Environment: The Politics of Local Engagement , 2005 .

[5]  W. Easterling,et al.  Coping With Global Climate Change: The Role of Adaptation in the United States , 2004 .

[6]  J. Henderson,et al.  Gap Analysis of Conserved Genetic Resources for Forest Trees , 2004 .

[7]  K. Giller,et al.  Mineral N dynamics, leaching and nitrous oxide losses under maize following two-year improved fallows on a sandy loam soil in Zimbabwe , 2004, Plant and Soil.

[8]  M. Altieri.  Linking ecologists and traditional farmers in the search for sustainable agriculture , 2004 .

[9]  S. Huq,et al.  Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) , 2004 .

[10]  Jean-Daniel Saphores,et al.  Harvesting a renewable resource under uncertainty , 2003 .

[11]  C. Black,et al.  Tree and crop productivity in gliricidia/maize/pigeonpea cropping systems in southern Malawi , 2003, Agroforestry Systems.

[12]  Alain Albrecht,et al.  Carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems , 2003 .

[13]  D. Mitlin.  Addressing urban poverty through strengthening assets , 2003 .

[14]  G. Lei,et al.  Freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River basin of China: patterns, threats and conservation , 2003, Biodiversity & Conservation.

[15]  G. Marshall,et al.  Smallholder Agroforestry Projects: Potential for carbon sequestration and poverty alleviation , 2003 .

[16]  A. Balmford,et al.  Who should pay for tropical conservation, and how could the costs be met? , 2003, Oryx.

[17]  Philip K. Thornton,et al.  The potential impacts of climate change on maize production in Africa and Latin America in 2055 , 2003 .

[18]  Kirk R. Johnson,et al.  Correlated terrestrial and marine evidence for global climate changes before mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  G. Yohe,et al.  A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems , 2003, Nature.

[20]  Pierre Joly,et al.  Modeling spatial distribution of amphibian populations: a GIS approach based on habitat matrix permeability , 2002, Biodiversity & Conservation.

[21]  R. Maggini,et al.  A stratified approach for modeling the distribution of a threatened ant species in the Swiss National Park , 2002, Biodiversity & Conservation.

[22]  S. Page,et al.  The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997 , 2002, Nature.

[23]  Stephen Devereux,et al.  Can Social Safety Nets Reduce Chronic Poverty , 2002 .

[24]  Scott Rozelle,et al.  Enhancing the crops to feed the poor , 2002, Nature.

[25]  B. Williams,et al.  Hydraulic differentiation of Ponderosa pine populations along a climate gradient is not associated with ecotypic divergence , 2002 .

[26]  A. Najam,et al.  Civic Entrepreneurship: A Civil Society Perspective on Sustainable Development , 2002 .

[27]  Pramod K. Aggarwal,et al.  Climate Change and Rice Yields in Diverse Agro-Environments of India. II. Effect of Uncertainties in Scenarios and Crop Models on Impact Assessment , 2002 .

[28]  S. Huq,et al.  From impacts assessment to adaptation priorities: the shaping of adaptation policy , 2002 .

[29]  J. Anderies,et al.  From Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What? , 2001, Ecosystems.

[30]  S. Carpenter,et al.  Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems , 2001, Nature.

[31]  J. Barnett.  Adapting to Climate Change in Pacific Island Countries: The Problem of Uncertainty , 2001 .

[32]  R. Shaw,et al.  Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. , 2001, Science.

[33]  Dr Robert Bryant,et al.  Modelling landscape-scale habitat use using GIS and remote sensing : a case study with great bustards , 2001 .

[34]  P. Fearnside,et al.  Environmental Impacts of Brazil's Tucuruí Dam: Unlearned Lessons for Hydroelectric Development in Amazonia , 2001, Environmental management.

[35]  F. Dentener,et al.  Interannual variability of atmospheric dimethylsulfide in the southern Indian Ocean , 2000 .

[36]  A. K. Yadav,et al.  Methane Emissions from Irrigated Rice Fields in Northern India (New Delhi) , 2000, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[37]  M. Lucotte,et al.  Temporal and spatial influences of flooding on dissolved mercury in boreal reservoirs. , 2000, The Science of the total environment.

[38]  F. Ellis.  Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries , 2000 .

[39]  R. Brugha,et al.  Stakeholder analysis: a review. , 2000, Health policy and planning.

[40]  George V. N. Powell,et al.  Assessing representativeness of protected natural areas in Costa Rica for conserving biodiversity: a preliminary gap analysis , 2000 .

[41]  R. B. Jackson,et al.  Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. , 2000, Science.

[42]  M. Keller,et al.  Intensive field measurements of nitrous oxide emissions from a tropical agricultural soil , 2000 .

[43]  R. S. Gallagher,et al.  Weed management through short-term improved fallows in tropical agroecosystems , 1999, Agroforestry Systems.

[44]  George M. Furnival,et al.  Forest Survey Sampling Designs: A History , 1999, Journal of Forestry.

[45]  Daniel Mandallaz,et al.  Forest inventory with optimal two-phase two-stage sampling schemes based on the anticipated variance , 1999 .

[46]  A. Bebbington.  Capitals and Capabilities: A Framework for Analyzing Peasant Viability, Rural Livelihoods and Poverty , 1999 .

[47]  Robert J. Nicholls,et al.  Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: Can the IPCC Technical Guidelines be applied? , 1999 .

[48]  David M Richardson,et al.  Predicting Plant Migration Rates in a Changing World: The Role of Long‐Distance Dispersal , 1999, The American Naturalist.

[49]  John H. Campbell,et al.  Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain , 1999, Nature.

[50]  C. Ong,et al.  Why tree-crop interactions in agroforestry appear at odds with tree-grass interactions in tropical savannahs , 1999, Agroforestry Systems.

[51]  C. Ong,et al.  INFLUENCE OF SCATTERED NÉRÉ AND KARITÉ TREES ON MICROCLIMATE, SOIL FERTILITY AND MILLET YIELD IN BURKINA FASO , 1999, Experimental Agriculture.

[52]  Mark W. Schwartz,et al.  Modeling potential future individual tree-species distributions in the eastern United States under a climate change scenario: a case study with Pinus virginiana , 1999 .

[53]  Charles C. Mann,et al.  Reseeding the Green Revolution , 1997, Science.

[54]  David M. Cairns,et al.  Effects of dispersal, population delays, and forest fragmentation on tree migration rates , 1997, Plant Ecology.

[55]  J. Handmer,et al.  A Typology of Resilience: Rethinking Institutions for Sustainable Development , 1996 .

[56]  S. Cutter.  Vulnerability to environmental hazards , 1996 .

[57]  M. C. Grant,et al.  EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN PLANTS , 1996 .

[58]  Karen Stenner,et al.  What's in a word? , 1996 .

[59]  B. Hütsch.  Methane oxidation in soils of two long-term fertilization experiments in Germany , 1996 .

[60]  E. Topp,et al.  Effect of nitrogen fertilizers and moisture content on CH4 and N2O fluxes in a humisol: Measurements in the field and intact soil cores , 1995 .

[61]  M. Chan,et al.  Stakeholder analysis for natural resource management in developing countries , 1995 .

[62]  James M. Dyer.  Assessment of climatic warming using a model of forest species migration , 1995 .

[63]  D. Powlson,et al.  Methane oxidation in soil as affected by land use, soil pH and N fertilization☆ , 1994 .

[64]  Kevin M. Schreiber Gotz A. Cleaver,et al.  Reversing the Spiral: The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa , 1994 .

[65]  D. Powlson,et al.  Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on methane oxidation in soil of the broadbalk wheat experiment , 1993 .

[66]  Timothy G. Gregoire,et al.  Sampling Methods for Multiresource Forest Inventory , 1993 .

[67]  J. H. Williams,et al.  The effect of soil surface temperature on the growth of millet in relation to the effect of Faidherbia albida trees , 1992 .

[68]  A. Budelman,et al.  Karité (Vitellaria paradoxa) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) associated with crops in South Mali , 1992, Agroforestry Systems.

[69]  T. Walker,et al.  Consequences of mid-1980s drought: longitudinal evidence from Mahbubnagar , 1991 .

[70]  I. Akobundu.  Weeds in Human Affairs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Sustainable Food Production , 1991, Weed Technology.

[71]  R. Chambers.  Editorial Introduction: Vulnerability, Coping and Policy , 1989 .

[72]  T. Byres.  Rural development: putting the last first , 1984 .

[73]  K. Rennolls,et al.  Timber Management-A Quantitative Approach. , 1984 .

[74]  P. Hedrick,et al.  Genetic Polymorphism in Heterogeneous Environments , 1976 .

[75]  N. Jodha.  Famine and Famine Policies Some Empirical Evidence , 1975 .

[76]  J. St Cyr,et al.  Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management At Risk : Natural Hazards , People ' s Vulnerability , and Disasters , 2011 .

[77]  D. Murdiyarso.  Implications of the Kyoto Protocol:Indonesia’s Perspective , 2004 .

[78]  R. Burdge.  A community guide to social impact assessment , 2004 .

[79]  Frank Ellis,et al.  Human Vulnerability and Food Insecurity: Policy Implications , 2003 .

[80]  A. Angelsen,et al.  Exploring the forest–poverty link: key concepts, issues and research implications , 2003 .

[81]  M. V. Drunen,et al.  Poverty and climate change: reducing the vulnerability of the poor through adaptation , 2003 .

[82]  Joyotee Smith,et al.  Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol: implications for forests and forest people , 2002 .

[83]  B. Sohngen,et al.  Carbon Sinks in the Post-Kyoto World : Part I , 2002 .

[84]  S. Scherr,et al.  Forest carbon and local livelihoods: assessment of opportunities and policy recommendations , 2002 .

[85]  M. Milne.  Transaction costs of forest carbon projects , 2002 .

[86]  D. Dokken,et al.  Climate change and biodiversity. , 2002 .

[87]  C. Barrett,et al.  Implications of resource-use intensification for the environment and sustainable technology systems in the central African rainforest. , 2001 .

[88]  S. Appanah,et al.  Auditing of sustainable forest management : a practical guide for developing local auditing systems based on ITTO's criteria and indicators , 2001 .

[89]  C. Ashley.  Applying Livelihood Approaches to Natural Resource Management Initiatives: Experiences in Namibia and Kenya , 2000 .

[90]  S. Halos.  The Need for a Strategic Approach , 2000 .

[91]  K. Brock.  Implementing A Sustainable Livelihoods Framework for Policy-Directed Research: Reflections from Practice in Mali , 1999 .

[92]  L. O. Naess,et al.  Adaptation costs: A framework and methods , 1998 .

[93]  M. van Noordwijk,et al.  Alternatives to slash-and-burn in Indonesia: summary report and synthesis of phase II , 1998 .

[94]  James S. Clark,et al.  Plant migration and climate change , 1997 .

[95]  Pp Vandenberg.  Whose Reality Counts?: Putting the first last , 1997 .

[96]  R. Chambers.  Whose Reality Counts?: Putting the First Last , 1997 .

[97]  G. Borrini-Feyerabend,et al.  Beyond Fences: Seeking Social Sustainability in Conservation , 1997 .

[98]  J. Peterson,et al.  Imperiled Waters, Impoverished Future: The Decline of Freshwater Ecosystems , 1996 .

[99]  J. Carter.  Recent approaches to participatory forest resource assessment. , 1996 .

[100]  P. Kauppi,et al.  Management of Forests for Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions , 1995 .

[101]  M. Stewart,et al.  Use of Melia volkensii in a semi-arid agroforestry system in Kenya , 1994 .

[102]  I. Akobundu.  Integrated weed management techniques to reduce soil degradation , 1992 .

[103]  C. Oliver.  Achieving and Maintaining Biodiversity and Economic Productivity , 1992, Journal of Forestry.

[104]  R. Chambers,et al.  Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21st century , 1992 .

[105]  D. Davis Case,et al.  The community's toolbox. The idea, methods and tools for participatory assessment, monitoring and evaluation in community forestry , 1990 .

[106]  H. Biolley.  L'aménagement des forêts par la méthode expérimentale et spécialement la méthode du controle , 1920 .