THE POSTURE OF HADROSAURIAN DINOSAURS

Comparisons of hadrosaurs with undoubtedly quadrupedal dinosaurs and gravi- portal mammals show that hadrosaurs were bipedal. Arguments used to show that hadrosaurs were quadrupedal indicate only that most of the thoracic and caudal sections of the vertebral column were held more or less horizontally as in many birds.

[1]  H. H. Caswell,et al.  Locomotion in Kangaroo Rats and Its Adaptive Significance , 1951 .

[2]  J. H. Ostrom.  A reconsideration of the paleoecology of hadrosaurian dinosaurs , 1964 .

[3]  William K. Gregory,et al.  NOTES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF QUADRUPEDAL LOCOMOTION AND ON THE MECHANISM OF HE LIMBS IN HOOFED ANIMALS , 1912 .

[4]  O. C. Marsh.  Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie Formation , 1892, American Journal of Science.

[5]  R. Hooley.  On the Skeleton of Iguanodon atherfieldensis sp. nov., from the Wealden Shales of Atherfield (Isle of Wight) , 1925, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London.

[6]  O. C. Marsh.  Restorations of Claosaurus and Ceratosaurus. , 1892, American Journal of Science.

[7]  C. Sternberg.  Dinosaur tracks from Peace River, British Columbia , 1932 .

[8]  F. Nopcsa.  Palaeontological notes on reptiles , 1928 .

[9]  E. P. Walker,et al.  Mammals of the World , 1969 .

[10]  C. W. Gilmore.  The mounted skeletons of Camptosaurus in the United States National Museum , 1912 .

[11]  W J Holland.  The osteology of Diplodocus Marsh with special reference to the restoration of the skeleton of Diplodocus carnegiei Hatcher, presented by Mr. Andrew Carnegie to the British Museum, May 12, 1905 , 1906 .

[12]  Richard C. Snyder,et al.  Quadrupedal and Bipedal Locomotion of Lizards , 1952 .

[13]  W. K. Gregory.  Evolution emerging : a survey of changing patterns from primeval life to man , 1951 .

[14]  A. Romer.  Osteology of Reptiles , 1957 .

[15]  C. W. Gilmore.  Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus, and descriptions of two new species , 1909 .

[16]  C. W. Gilmore.  Osteology of Thescelosaurus, an orthopodous dinosaur from the Lance formation of Wyoming , 1915 .

[17]  F. V. Huene,et al.  Paläontologie und Phylogenie der Niederen Tetrapoden , 1957 .

[18]  R. Snyder.  Bipedal Locomotion of the Lizard Basiliscus basiliscus , 1949 .

[19]  E. H. Colbert.  Dinosaurs: Their discovery and their world , 1961 .

[20]  C. W. Gilmore.  Osteology of the armored Dinosauria in the United States National museum; with special reference to the genus Stegosaurus , 2012 .

[21]  E. Lioyd Du Brul,et al.  THE GENERAL PHENOMENON OF BIPEDALISM , 1962 .

[22]  R. S. Lull,et al.  Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America , 1942 .

[23]  John H. Ostrom,et al.  The Origin of Birds , 1926 .

[24]  John C. Koch,et al.  The laws of bone architecture , 1917 .

[25]  Richard C. Snyder,et al.  ADAPTATIONS FOR BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION OF LIZARDS , 1962 .