An appreciation of John Pollock's work on the computational study of argument

John Pollock (1940–2009) was an influential American philosopher who made important contributions to various fields, including epistemology and cognitive science. In the last 25 years of his life, he also contributed to the computational study of defeasible reasoning and practical cognition in artificial intelligence. He developed one of the first formal systems for argumentation-based inference and he put many issues on the research agenda that are still relevant for the argumentation community today. This paper presents an appreciation of Pollock's work on defeasible reasoning and its relevance for the computational study of argument. In our opinion, Pollock deserves to be remembered as one of the founding fathers of the field of computational argument, while, moreover, his work contains important lessons for current research in this field, reminding us of the richness of its object of study.

[1]  Richmond H. Thomason,et al.  Mixing Strict and Defeasible Inheritance , 1988, AAAI.

[2]  David J. Israel What's Wrong with Non-Monotonic Logic? , 1980, AAAI.

[3]  Anthony Hunter,et al.  A logic-based theory of deductive arguments , 2001, Artif. Intell..

[4]  W. D. Ross,et al.  The Right and the Good , 1930 .

[5]  Gerhard Brewka,et al.  Preferred Subtheories: An Extended Logical Framework for Default Reasoning , 1989, IJCAI.

[6]  John L. Pollock,et al.  How to Reason Defeasibly , 1992, Artif. Intell..

[7]  Fangzhen Lin,et al.  Argument systems , 1989, KR 1989.

[8]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Argument-Based Extended Logic Programming with Defeasible Priorities , 1997, J. Appl. Non Class. Logics.

[9]  David S. Touretzky,et al.  The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems , 1984 .

[10]  Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon Persuasion in Practical Argument Using Value-based Argumentation Frameworks , 2003, J. Log. Comput..

[11]  Jon Doyle,et al.  Truth Maintenance Systems for Problem Solving , 1977, IJCAI.

[12]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Defeasible Reasoning , 2020, Synthese Library.

[13]  Anthony Hunter,et al.  Instantiating abstract argumentation with classical logic arguments: Postulates and properties , 2011, Artif. Intell..

[14]  Phan Minh Dung,et al.  An Abstract, Argumentation-Theoretic Approach to Default Reasoning , 1997, Artif. Intell..

[15]  Chris Reed,et al.  Argumentation Schemes , 2008 .

[16]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Justification and Defeat , 1994, Artif. Intell..

[17]  H. Hart XI.—The Ascription of Responsibility and Rights , 1949 .

[18]  J. Raz Practical Reason and Norms , 1975 .

[19]  J. Pollock Cognitive Carpentry: A Blueprint for How to Build a Person , 1995 .

[20]  R. Fisher Mathematics of Inheritance , 1933, Nature.

[21]  D. Walton Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning , 1995 .

[22]  J. Horty Reasons as Defaults , 2012 .

[23]  Dirk Vermeir,et al.  Robust Semantics for Argumentation Frameworks , 1999, J. Log. Comput..

[24]  Philippe Besnard,et al.  Bridging the Gap between Abstract Argumentation Systems and Logic , 2009, SUM.

[25]  Hadassa Jakobovits,et al.  On the theory of argumentation frameworks , 2000 .

[26]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Reasoning and Probability , 2007 .

[27]  Matthew L. Ginsberg AI and nonmonotonic reasoning , 1994 .

[28]  John L. Pollock,et al.  A Recursive Semantics for Defeasible Reasoning , 2009, Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence.

[29]  Robert L. Martin,et al.  Knowledge and Justification. , 1976 .

[30]  E. Sosa Knowledge and justification , 1994 .

[31]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming: Volume 3: Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning , 1994 .

[32]  Pietro Baroni,et al.  SCC-recursiveness: a general schema for argumentation semantics , 2005, Artif. Intell..

[33]  John L. Pollock,et al.  The Logical Foundations of Goal-Regression Planning in Autonomous Agents , 1998, Artif. Intell..

[34]  Jon Doyle,et al.  A Truth Maintenance System , 1979, Artif. Intell..

[35]  David S. Touretzky,et al.  A Clash of Intuitions: The Current State of Nonmonotonic Multiple Inheritance Systems , 1987, IJCAI.

[36]  Martin Caminada Contamination in Formal Argumentation Systems , 2005, BNAIC.

[37]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Revisiting Preferences and Argumentation , 2011, IJCAI.

[38]  Claudette Cayrol,et al.  A Reasoning Model Based on the Production of Acceptable Arguments , 2002, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[39]  Donald Nute,et al.  Defeasible Logic , 1994, INAP.

[40]  Gerhard Brewka,et al.  Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Logical Foundations of Commonsense By Gerhard Brewka (Cambridge University Press, 1991) , 1991, SGAR.

[41]  John Fox,et al.  A LOGIC OF ARGUMENTATION FOR REASONING UNDER UNCERTAINTY , 1995, Comput. Intell..

[42]  R. Chisholm Perceiving: A Philosophical Study , 1958 .

[43]  Sanjay Modgil,et al.  Reasoning about preferences in argumentation frameworks , 2009, Artif. Intell..

[44]  Srdjan Vesic,et al.  A new approach for preference-based argumentation frameworks , 2011, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[45]  J. Pollock Planning Agents , 1998 .

[46]  Michael Wooldridge,et al.  Properties and Complexity of Some Formal Inter-agent Dialogues , 2003, J. Log. Comput..

[47]  Guillermo Ricardo Simari,et al.  Defeasible logic programming: an argumentative approach , 2003, Theory and Practice of Logic Programming.

[48]  Ronald Prescott Loui,et al.  Defeat among arguments: a system of defeasible inference , 1987, Comput. Intell..

[49]  Nicholas Rescher,et al.  Dialectics: A Controversy-Oriented Approach to the Theory of Knowledge , 1977 .

[50]  Phan Minh Dung,et al.  Assumption-Based Argumentation , 2009, Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence.

[51]  Nicholas Rescher,et al.  Plausible reasoning , 1976 .

[52]  Martin Caminada,et al.  On the evaluation of argumentation formalisms , 2007, Artif. Intell..

[53]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Plans And Decisions , 2004 .

[54]  David Poole,et al.  A Logical Framework for Default Reasoning , 1988, Artif. Intell..

[55]  David S. Touretzky,et al.  A Skeptical Theory of Inheritance in Nonmonotonic Semantic Networks , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[56]  Martin Caminada,et al.  On the Issue of Reinstatement in Argumentation , 2006, JELIA.

[57]  Henry Prakken,et al.  An abstract framework for argumentation with structured arguments , 2010, Argument Comput..

[58]  Guillermo Ricardo Simari,et al.  A Mathematical Treatment of Defeasible Reasoning and its Implementation , 1992, Artif. Intell..

[59]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Some Reflections on Two Current Trends in Formal Argumentation , 2012, Logic Programs, Norms and Action.

[60]  Fangzhen Lin,et al.  Argument Systems: A Uniform Basis for Nonmonotonic Reasoning , 1989, KR.

[61]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Defeasible Reasoning and Degrees of Justification , 2010, Argument Comput..

[62]  Gerard Vreeswijk,et al.  Abstract Argumentation Systems , 1997, Artif. Intell..

[63]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  A Logic for Default Reasoning , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[64]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Defeasible reasoning with variable degrees of justification , 2001, Artif. Intell..

[65]  Phan Minh Dung,et al.  On the Acceptability of Arguments and its Fundamental Role in Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Logic Programming and n-Person Games , 1995, Artif. Intell..

[66]  Anthony Hunter,et al.  Elements of Argumentation , 2007, ECSQARU.

[67]  Henry Prakken,et al.  On the nature of argument schemes , 2010 .

[68]  C. Guarneri Cornell University Press , 1991 .

[69]  Andrew B. Baker,et al.  A Theorem Prover for Prioritized Circumscription , 1989, IJCAI.

[70]  Donald Nute,et al.  Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog , 1988 .

[71]  Scott E. Fahlman,et al.  NETL: A System for Representing and Using Real-World Knowledge , 1979, CL.