Observation of meteorological parameters in coast and over sea surface layer will be conducive to understand the interaction between ocean and atmosphere, as well as the mechanism that ocean impacts on climate. Compared with the coast, it is more difficult to measure the atmospheric optical turbulence over sea, which includes measurement error caused by the instability of observation platform, instrument damage caused by poor environment and accuracy of measurement caused by the known and unknown factors, and so on. Conventional meteorological parameters and atmospheric optical turbulence in coast and over sea were observed by instruments equipped on the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base at Bohe and characteristics of atmospheric optical turbulence in this region were analyzed. By using temperature, humidity and wind speed, the atmospheric refractive-index structure constant in coast were estimated, and then compared with measured values, which verified the feasibility of this method.