Behandlungsoptionen beim neurogenen Lähmungsfuß – eine systematische Literaturrecherche

Hintergrund Der neurogene Lahmungsfus kann durch zentrale oder periphere Lasionen des Nervensystems verursacht sein. Je nachdem, ob das 1. oder 2. Motoneuron geschadigt ist, bildet sich ein schlaffer oder spastischer Lahmungsfus aus. Der spastische Lahmungsfus besteht bei ca. 14 % der Patienten als residuale Langzeitkomplikation nach Schlaganfall. Verschiedene konservative und operative Behandlungsoptionen stehen zur Verfugung. Methode Der Artikel basiert auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zur medizinischen Evidenz der funktionellen Elektrostimulation (FES) mit den Suchbegriffen „functional electrical stimulation AND drop foot“ sowie „functional electrical stimulation AND gait AND stroke“ in PubMed- und Cochrane-Datenbanken. Randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien und Kohortenstudien der letzten 10 Jahre wurden nach spezifischen Einschlusskriterien selektiert. Zudem wurden 4 Leitlinien einbezogen. Ergebnisse Aktuelle Leitlinien geben wenig Orientierung zur praktischen Behandlung und berucksichtigen neuartige operative Verfahren wie Neuroimplantate nicht ausreichend. In 18 randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien zu FES bei Schlaganfallpatienten mit Fuslahmung zeigte das FES-behandelte Kollektiv entweder eine signifikante Uberlegenheit oder eine Nichtunterlegenheit gegenuber der Kontrolle. Zwei Kohortenstudien bestatigten die signifikante Besserung durch FES. Schlussfolgerung Die Analyse fuhrt auf, dass bei der Wahl der Behandlungsoption Ursachen und Auspragung der Fuslahmung sowie pra- und postoperativer Zustand des Patienten eine tragende Rolle spielen. Fur aktive Patienten mit hohem Anspruch stellen Neuroimplantate eine wertvolle Behandlungsoption dar.

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