Transmitted Drug Resistance and Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes in Non-Subtype B HIV-1–Infected Patients in South East Asia

Background:We compared treatment outcomes of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in patients on fully or partially sensitive drug regimens. Methods:Factors associated with survival and failure were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards and discrete time conditional logistic models. Results:TDR, found in 60 (4.1%) of 1471 Asian treatment-naive patients, was one of the significant predictors of failure. Patients with TDR to >1 drug in their regimen were >3 times as likely to fail compared to no TDR. Conclusions:TDR was associated with failure in the context of non-fully sensitive regimens. Efforts are needed to incorporate resistance testing into national treatment programs.

[1]  A. Sohn,et al.  Transmitted HIV drug resistance in Asia , 2013, Current opinion in HIV and AIDS.

[2]  F. García,et al.  Analysis of transmitted drug resistance in Spain in the years 2007-2010 documents a decline in mutations to the non-nucleoside drug class. , 2012, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[3]  D. Pillay,et al.  Global trends in antiretroviral resistance in treatment-naive individuals with HIV after rollout of antiretroviral treatment in resource-limited settings: a global collaborative study and meta-regression analysis , 2012, The Lancet.

[4]  Ann M. Dennis,et al.  Prevalence of Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Differs Between Acutely and Chronically HIV-Infected Patients , 2012, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[5]  L. Torian,et al.  Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in New York State, 2006-2008: Results from a New Surveillance System , 2012, PloS one.

[6]  M. Colafigli,et al.  Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients in Italy from 2000 to 2010. , 2012, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[7]  R. Paranjape,et al.  Initial virologic response and HIV drug resistance among HIV-infected individuals initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy at 2 clinics in Chennai and Mumbai, India. , 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[8]  F. Wit,et al.  Effect of pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance on immunological, virological, and drug-resistance outcomes of first-line antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre cohort study. , 2012, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[9]  W. Chantratita,et al.  Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients after rapid scaling up of antiretroviral therapy in Thailand , 2012, Journal of the International AIDS Society.

[10]  C. Boucher,et al.  Temporal changes in the epidemiology of transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 across the world. , 2012, AIDS reviews.

[11]  Kishor Mandaliya,et al.  HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study. , 2011, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[12]  David Dunn,et al.  Effect of transmitted drug resistance on virological and immunological response to initial combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV (EuroCoord-CHAIN joint project): a European multicohort study. , 2011, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[13]  S. Sirivichayakul,et al.  Hiv-1 Drug Resistance Mutations among Antiretroviral-naive Hiv-1– Infected Patients in Asia: Results from the Treat Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance-monitoring Study on Behalf of the Treat Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance-monitoring Study (taser-m) , 2022 .

[14]  D. Katzenstein,et al.  TREAT Asia Quality Assessment Scheme (TAQAS) to standardize the outcome of HIV genotypic resistance testing in a group of Asian laboratories. , 2009, Journal of virological methods.

[15]  Anne-Mieke Vandamme,et al.  Drug Resistance Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug-Resistance: 2009 Update , 2009, PloS one.

[16]  Edward P Acosta,et al.  Preexisting resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors predicts virologic failure of an efavirenz-based regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. , 2008, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[17]  D. Bennett,et al.  Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance among women attending antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania , 2008, Antiviral therapy.

[18]  A. Puren,et al.  Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Gauteng Province, South Africa in 2002 and 2004 , 2008, Antiviral therapy.

[19]  K. Ruxrungtham,et al.  HIV drug resistance transmission threshold survey in Bangkok, Thailand , 2008, Antiviral therapy.

[20]  D. Bennett,et al.  Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance in the Manzini-Mbabane corridor, Swaziland, in 2006 , 2008, Antiviral therapy.

[21]  D. Bennett,et al.  HIV drug resistance threshold survey using specimens from voluntary counselling and testing sites in Hanoi, Vietnam , 2008, Antiviral therapy.

[22]  D. Bennett,et al.  Gln151 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase acts as a steric gate towards clinically relevant acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogues. , 2008 .

[23]  K. Freedberg,et al.  The long‐term benefits of genotypic resistance testing in patients with extensive prior antiretroviral therapy: a model‐based approach , 2007, HIV medicine.

[24]  Jörg Schüpbach,et al.  Transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in Switzerland: a 10-year molecular epidemiology survey , 2007, AIDS.

[25]  W. Mcfarland,et al.  Routine surveillance for the detection of acute and recent HIV infections and transmission of antiretroviral resistance , 2006, AIDS.

[26]  Tommy F. Liu,et al.  Web resources for HIV type 1 genotypic-resistance test interpretation. , 2006, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[27]  C. Archibald,et al.  A Population-Based Approach to Determine the Prevalence of Transmitted Drug-Resistant HIV Among Recent Versus Established HIV Infections: Results From the Canadian HIV Strain and Drug Resistance Surveillance Program , 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[28]  Christine Hogan,et al.  Tracking the Prevalence of Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug-Resistant HIV-1: A Decade of Experience , 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[29]  M. Weinstein,et al.  Should resistance testing be performed for treatment-naive HIV-infected patients? A cost-effectiveness analysis. , 2005, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[30]  Tulio de Oliveira,et al.  An automated genotyping system for analysis of HIV-1 and other microbial sequences , 2005, Bioinform..

[31]  Klaus Korn,et al.  Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in untreated individuals in Europe: implications for clinical management. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[32]  C. Angeletti,et al.  Cost-effectiveness analysis of using antiretroviral drug resistance testing , 2003, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum.

[33]  Victoria A Johnson,et al.  Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: 2003 recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel. , 2003, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[34]  Elizabeth Connick,et al.  Antiretroviral-drug resistance among patients recently infected with HIV. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[35]  Elena Losina,et al.  Use of Genotypic Resistance Testing To Guide HIV Therapy: Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness , 2001, Annals of Internal Medicine.