L’histiocytose langerhansienne unifocale, anciennement connue sous le nom de granulome a eosinophile, est une maladie proliferative non maligne d’etiologie inconnue pouvant toucher un ou plusieurs organes. Il s’agit d’une affection rare, 1 a 2/100 000, touchant surtout l’enfant avec une predominance masculine. Les localisations osseuses sont les plus frequentes (60a 90%). Il n’existe cependant pas de traitement bien codifie concernant la prise en charge de ces localisations. nous rapportons l’observation d’un patient âge de 58 ans qui a consulte pour une tumefaction genienne basse associee a un trismus evoluant depuis 5 mois. La radio panoramique dentaire a objective une opacite de la branche horizontale gauche de la mandibule avec des limites claires. L’examen anatomopathologique a confirme le diagnostic d’histiocytose langerhansienne a localisation unique. Ce travail a pour objectif de rappeler les caracteristiques de cette pathologie, et de preciser les donnees actuelles du diagnostic et du traitement. Mots cles : Histiocytose x, Cellules de Langerhans, mandibule. Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH),formerly known as eosinophilic granuloma,is a non-malignant proliferative disease of unknown aetiology that can affect one or more organs. This is a rare disease, 1 to 2/100,000, affecting mainly children with a male predominance. The osseous lesions are the most frequent (60 to 90%). There is however no consensus treatment for the management of these sites. We report the case of a 58 years old male who present to our department with a 6 months history of swelling of the left mandible region with painful restricted mouth-opening. Preoperative panoramic radiograph showed anradiolucent areas with well demarcated borders the lefthorizontal branch of the mandible. Histological examination confirms that this is a unique location of LCH. This work aims to recall the characteristics of this disease, and to clarify the current data of diagnosis and treatment. Keywords : Histiocytosis, Langerhans cell, mandible.
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