Performance requirements of present-day distribution transformers for Smart Grid

One of the main objectives of Smart grid is to provide service that is reliable, secure and efficient. As a part of smart grid it is very essential to evaluate each and every element separately in the grid level to ensure reliable operation of the grid. In this paper, distribution transformer (DTR) requirements for smart grid have been considered. Distribution transformer is one of the most important elements of electrical distribution network. For smart grid to operate efficiently there is a need for smartening the transformers, which are the hub for collection and distribution of energy. As part of the distribution network, there are millions of distribution transformers in the national network that do not have any monitoring and communication capabilities. Smartening the transformers will require development and deployment of wide range of technologies. This paper attempts to present the features needed in distribution transformers to realize a smarter grid. Required technologies to transform the present day distribution transformers to smart transformers are discussed. Analysis has been carried out on the performance requirements and evaluation of distribution transformers when they are integrated to grid level. Some applications of wireless sensors and communication to enhance condition monitoring and maintenance practices in the distribution grid are recommended. The paper also studies compliance needed to the existing standards such as IEC 60076-7 [3].