Optische Kohärenztomographie in der Mittelohrchirurgie

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) in der Mittelohrchirurgie gilt als vielversprechendes Diagnostikum, insbesondere wenn es um die intraoperative Abklärung der Ursache einer Stapesfixation, die intraoperative Beurteilung der Stapesfußplatte bei Revisionsstapesplastik und zur Orientierung bei der Kochleaimplantation, vorwiegend bei Missbildungen, geht. Die OCT bildet Mittel- und Innenohrstrukturen präzise ab und ermöglicht, diese zur Therapiefestlegung zu nutzen. Aus den eigenen bisherigen Ex- und In-vivo-Untersuchungen mit einem OCT-System, das an ein Operationsmikroskop gekoppelt ist, lassen sich derzeit – unter Berücksichtigung der bislang publizierten experimentellen Arbeiten – potenzielle Anwendungsgebiete definieren: Darstellung der ovalen Fensternische bei Revisionsstapes- und rekonstruktiver Mittelohrchirurgie sowie bei der explorativen Tympanotomie zur Abklärung von Perilymphfisteln und Visualisierung von Strukturen des nicht eröffneten Innenohrs.AbstractThe application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in middle ear surgery has a high diagnostic potential, especially for intraoperative evaluation of the cause of stapes fixation, intraoperative assessment of the morphology of the stapes footplate in revision stapes surgery, and as an orientation guide in cochlear implantation in congenital anomalies. OCT displays the middle and inner ear structures precisely. This technology enables the surgeon to use this information for further specification of the intraoperative modus operandi. Considering our own in vivo and ex vivo investigations and animal experiments, potential areas of application can be defined: visualization of the oval window niche in revision stapesplasty and reconstructive middle ear surgery, as well as during explorative tympanotomy for intraoperative assessment of perilymph fistula, and demonstration of structures of the exposed but not opened inner ear.

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