Molecular and cellular features of CTLA-4 blockade for relapsed myeloid malignancies after transplantation

Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has a very poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade can increase the graft-versus-leukemia response. Using parallel transcriptomic analysis of bone marrow and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood, Penter et al show that clinical response to ipilimumab is associated with increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines.

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