Toxicological Assessment of Particulate Emissions from the Exhaust of Old and New Model Heavy- and Light-Duty Vehicles

Diesel particulate matter (PM) is a known carcinogen, and particulate exhaust emissions from both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles are toxic. Particulate matter emissions from three light-duty vehicles in five different configurations were tested in a dynamometer facility. The diesel particle filter-equipped Accord and the gasoline vehicle had the lowest overall PM emission rates and the diesel and biodiesel vehicles produced the most potent exhaust in terms of oxidative activity. Correlations were explored between the chemical composition of the PM and the assay results. While there may be some confounding effects, elevated organic species emissions and select metals (associated with lube oil) were found to be correlated with the oxidative potential of the PM. These data, in combination with knowledge of the physical exhaust emission properties, emission control level and driving cycle provide insight into the expected toxicological impacts of changes in the vehicle fleet and planned emission control strategies and will be useful in the evaluation of the effect of fleet turn-over on the air quality impacts in the Los Angeles basin.

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