Constraints on gamma-ray burst and supernova progenitors through circumstellar absorption lines II. Post-LBV Wolf-Rayet stars

Context. Wolf-Rayet stars are thought to be the progenitors of type Ib/c supernovae and of long gamma-ray bursts. Aims. As shown by van Marle et al. (2005, AA they dissipate on time scales shorter than 50 000 yr. As the LBV stage is thought to occur at the beginning of core helium burning, the remaining Wolf-Rayet life time is expected to be one order of magnitude larger. Conclusions. When interpreting the absorption components in the afterglow spectrum of GRB 021004 as circumstellar, it can be concluded that the progenitor of this source did most likely not evolve through an LBV stage, as no intermediate velocity absorption components are predicted to prevail until core collapse. However, a close binary with a late common-envelope phase (Case C) may produce a circumstellar medium that closely resembles the LBV to Wolf-Rayet evolution, but with a much shorter Wolf-Rayet period. This scenario can not be ruled out.

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