Shared cognition in top management teams: implications for new venture performance

This paper presents a study of two samples of new venture top management teams from the inc. 500. The research poses that shared strategic cognition is the outcome of group processes that occur during the development of strategy. Shared cognition in top management teams (TMTs) is the extent to which those mental models about strategy are shared. A theoretical frame is developed that links shared strategic cognition to group process and new venture performance. The results indicate that the group processes leading to the development of shared strategic cognition are more important than the outcome of shared strategic cognition in terms of predicting organizational performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  Allen C. Amason,et al.  Understanding the dynamics of new venture top management teams: cohesion, conflict, and new venture performance , 2002 .

[2]  E. Autio,et al.  Effects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity, and Imitability on International Growth , 2000 .

[3]  Glenn B. Voss,et al.  Strategic Orientation and Firm Performance in an Artistic Environment , 2000 .

[4]  Michael D. Ensley Entrepreneurial Teams as Determinants of of New Venture Performance , 1999 .

[5]  H. P. Sims,et al.  Top management team diversity, group process, and strategic consensus , 1999 .

[6]  James W. Carland,et al.  A proclivity for entrepreneurship: A comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers , 1999 .

[7]  G. Meyer,et al.  To agree or not to agree? consensus and performance in new ventures , 1998 .

[8]  K. Jehn A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in , 1997 .

[9]  Yasai-Ardekani,et al.  Contextual Determinants of Strategic Planning Processes , 1997 .

[10]  Allen C. Amason,et al.  The Effects of Top Management Team Size and interaction Norms on Cognitive and Affective Conflict , 1997 .

[11]  Yolande E. Chan,et al.  Business Strategic Orientation, Information Systems Strategic Orientation, and Strategic Alignment , 1997, Inf. Syst. Res..

[12]  L. H. Pelled Demographic Diversity, Conflict, and Work Group Outcomes: An Intervening Process Theory , 1996 .

[13]  Allen C. Amason Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams , 1996 .

[14]  Dennis J. Devine,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of Cohesion and Performance , 1995 .

[15]  J. Walsh Managerial and Organizational Cognition: Notes from a Trip Down Memory Lane , 1995 .

[16]  K. Jehn A Multimethod Examination of the Benefits and Detriments of Intragroup Conflict , 1995 .

[17]  H. P. Sims,et al.  Top Management Team Demography and Process: The Role of Social Integration and Communication , 1994 .

[18]  Eduardo Salas,et al.  Group Cohesiveness and Quality of Decision Making , 1994 .

[19]  S. Mohammed,et al.  Team Mental Model: Construct or Metaphor? , 1994 .

[20]  B. Mullen,et al.  The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: An integration. , 1994 .

[21]  K. Jehn ENHANCING EFFECTIVENESS: AN INVESTIGATION OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VALUE‐BASED INTRAGROUP CONFLICT , 1994 .

[22]  Allen C. Amason,et al.  RESOLVING THE PARADOX OF CONFLICT, STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE , 1994 .

[23]  Lawrence R. James,et al.  Personality, affect, and behavior in groups revisited: Comment on aggregation, levels of analysis, and a recent application of within and between analysis. , 1993 .

[24]  S. Zahra Environment, corporate entrepreneurship, and financial performance: A taxonomic approach , 1993 .

[25]  L. James,et al.  rwg: An assessment of within-group interrater agreement. , 1993 .

[26]  S. Floyd,et al.  Managing strategic consensus: the foundation of effective implementation , 1992 .

[27]  William A. Barnard,et al.  Intragroup Cohesiveness and Reciprocal Social Influence in Male and Female Discussion Groups , 1992 .

[28]  C. Brush,et al.  A comparison of methods and sources for obtaining estimates of new venture performance , 1992 .

[29]  J. Covin Entrepreneurial Versus Conservative Firms: A Comparison of Strategies and Performance , 1991 .

[30]  Kenneth H. Price,et al.  Process and Outcome Expectations for the Dialectical Inquiry, Devil's Advocacy, and Consensus Techniques of Strategic Decision Making , 1991 .

[31]  K. Bollen,et al.  Perceived Cohesion: A Conceptual and Empirical Examination , 1990 .

[32]  J. Seeger,et al.  Entrepreneurial Teams in New Venture Creation: A Research Agenda , 1990 .

[33]  Robin L. Pinkley,et al.  Dimensions of conflict frame: Disputant interpretations of conflict. , 1990 .

[34]  Paula L. Rechner,et al.  Experiential Effects of Dialectical Inquiry, Devil's Advocacy and Consensus Approaches to Strategic Decision Making , 1989 .

[35]  Kathleen M. Eisenhardt,et al.  Making Fast Strategic Decisions In High-Velocity Environments , 1989 .

[36]  B. Schneider,et al.  Facilitating Work Effectiveness. , 1989 .

[37]  S. Floyd,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIC PROCESS EFFECTS ON CONSENSUS , 1989 .

[38]  W. P. Barnett,et al.  Work group demography, social integration, and turnover. , 1989 .

[39]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Politics of Strategic Decision Making in High-Velocity Environments: Toward a Midrange Theory , 1988 .

[40]  Robert A. Baron,et al.  Attributions and organizational conflict: The mediating role of apparent sincerity , 1988 .

[41]  Gregory G. Dess Consensus on strategy formulation and organizational performance: Competitors in a fragmented industry , 1987 .

[42]  P. M. Podsakoff,et al.  Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects , 1986 .

[43]  Juan B. Roure,et al.  Linking Prefunding Factors and High-Technology Venture Success: An Exploratory Study , 1986 .

[44]  D. Schweiger,et al.  Group Approaches for Improving Strategic Decision Making: A Comparative Analysis of Dialectical Inquiry, Devil's Advocacy, and Consensus , 1986 .

[45]  J. K. Murnighan,et al.  The Emergence of Norms in Competitive Decision-Making Groups. , 1985 .

[46]  P. H. Friesen,et al.  Strategy‐making and environment: The third link , 1983 .

[47]  Dean Tjosvold,et al.  Effects of controversy within a cooperative or competitive context on organizational decision making. , 1980 .

[48]  D. Hambrick Strategic Awareness Within Top Management Teams. , 1980 .

[49]  D. Tjosvold,et al.  Effects of student participation in classroom decision making on attitudes, peer interaction, motivation, and learning. , 1980 .

[50]  J. Kimberly,et al.  Issues in the creation of organizations: initiation, innovation, and institutionalization. , 1979, Academy of Management journal. Academy of Management.

[51]  B. Brehmer Social Judgment Theory and the Analysis of Interpersonal Conflict. , 1976 .

[52]  Albert H. Rubenstein,et al.  Group Cohesiveness , 1975 .

[53]  A. Lott,et al.  Group cohesiveness as interpersonal attraction: a review of relationships with antecedent and consequent variables. , 1965, Psychological bulletin.

[54]  J. C. Flanagan The critical incident technique. , 1954, Psychological bulletin.

[55]  G. Northcraft,et al.  You have printed the following article : Why Differences Make a Difference : A Field Study of Diversity , Conflict , and Performance in Workgroups , 2007 .

[56]  Justin Tan,et al.  Environment-Strategy Relationship and its Performance Implications: An Empirical Study of Chinese Electronics Industry , 1994 .

[57]  Robert J. Litschert,et al.  Environment-strategy relationship and its performance implications: An empirical study of the , 1994 .

[58]  E. Salas,et al.  Shared mental models in expert team decision making. , 1993 .

[59]  D. Slevin,et al.  Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments , 1989 .

[60]  Steven W. Floyd,et al.  Strategic process effects on consensus , 1989 .

[61]  Barry M. Staw,et al.  The Tradeoffs of Social Control and Innovation in Groups and Organizations , 1989 .

[62]  B. Schneider,et al.  Development of the work-facilitation diagnostic. , 1988 .

[63]  Paul S. Goodman,et al.  Understanding groups in organizations. , 1987 .

[64]  William R. Sandberg New Venture Performance: The Role of Strategy and Industry Structure , 1986 .

[65]  P. H. Friesen,et al.  Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms: Two Models of Strategic Momentum , 1982 .

[66]  M. E. Shaw Group dynamics : the psychology of small group behavior , 1971 .

[67]  K. Weick The social psychology of organizing , 1969 .