Review of methods for the analysis of triglycerides in milk fat: application for studies of milk quality and adulteration

Abstract Various analytical methods are used for the determination and quantification of triglycerides in milk fat. This paper reviews the latest developments (1990–1994) analyzing triacylglycerols in milk fat with an emphasis on the use of Chromatographic methods. Moreover, the different approaches for the detection of adulteration of milk fat will be compared.

[1]  M. Wootton,et al.  Quantitative analysis of synthetic mixtures of triacylglycerols with fatty acids from caprylic to stearic , 1993 .

[2]  J. Gibson.  The potential for genetic change in milk fat composition. , 1991, Journal of dairy science.

[3]  K. Aitzetmüller.  Application of HPLC to the Separation of Lipids , 1986 .

[4]  R. G. Jensen,et al.  Lipids of bovine and human milks: a comparison. , 1990, Journal of dairy science.

[5]  T. L. Mounts,et al.  Effect of triacylglycerol composition and structures on oxidative stability of oils from selected soybean germplasm , 1992 .

[6]  R. Maurin,et al.  Positional analysis and determination of triacylglycerol structure ofArgania spinosa seed oil , 1992 .

[7]  G. Santa-Maria,et al.  HPLC and GLC analysis of the triglyceride composition of bovine, ovine and caprine milk fat , 1990, Journal of Dairy Research.

[8]  K. Aitzetmüller.  Flow gradients in the HPCL analysis of triacylglycerols in fats and oils , 1990 .

[9]  Sumio Kawano,et al.  Detection of Foreign Fat Adulteration of Milk Fat by Near Infrared Spectroscopic Method , 1990 .

[10]  P. Laakso,et al.  Composition of the triacylglycerols of butterfat and its fractions obtained by an industrial melt crystallization process , 1992 .

[11]  G. Schomburg,et al.  Characterization of animal fats via the GC pattern of fame mixtures obtained by transesterification of the triglycerides , 1989 .

[12]  L. Cossignani,et al.  Prediction of HRGC Retention Parameters and Response Factors of Triacylglycerols , 1994 .

[13]  D. Precht.  Detection of foreign fat in milk fat I. Qualitative detection by triacylglycerol formulae , 1992 .

[14]  A. Carelli,et al.  Comparative study of the determination of triacylglycerol in vegetable oils using chromatographic techniques , 1993 .

[15]  E. G. Perkins,et al.  High Performance reversed phase chromatography of Natural triglyceride mixtures: Critical pair separation , 1981 .

[16]  J. Gresti,et al.  Determination of bovine butterfat triacylglycerols by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. , 1991, Journal of chromatography.

[17]  E. Schulte.  Trennung von Triglyceriden nach Kettenlänge und Sättigungsgrad durch HPLC , 1981 .

[18]  C. Sweeley,et al.  Gas chromatography of lipids , 1964 .

[19]  H. Engelhardt.  High performance liquid chromatography , 1997 .

[20]  E. Frede.  Improved HPLC of triglycerides by special tempering procedures , 1986 .

[21]  W. Christie.  Silver ion and chiral chromatography in the analysis of triacylglycerols. , 1994, Progress in lipid research.

[22]  K. Aitzetmüller,et al.  Unterscheidung von Palmölen und Palmöl-Fraktionen durch HPLC der Triglyceride , 1988 .

[23]  J. Craske.  Separation of instrumental and chemical errors in the analysis of oils by gas chromatography—A collaborative evaluation , 1993 .

[24]  W. Letter.  A Qualitative Method for Triglyceride Analysis by HPLC Using an Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector , 1993 .

[25]  G. Jensen.  Improved separation of triglycerides at low temperatures by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. , 1981, Journal of chromatography.

[26]  E. K. Kemsley,et al.  Potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the authentication of vegetable oils , 1994 .

[27]  P. H. Robinson,et al.  Influence of canola fat on yield, fat percentage, fatty acid profile, and nitrogen fractions in Holstein milk. , 1991, Journal of dairy science.

[28]  D. Bertrand,et al.  Characterization of edible oils, butters and margarines by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance , 1994 .

[29]  R. Grummer,et al.  Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. , 1991, Journal of dairy science.

[30]  D. Barbano,et al.  Feed and animal factors influencing milk fat composition. , 1993, Journal of dairy science.

[31]  G. Marinetti.  Lipid chromatographic analysis , 1967 .

[32]  J. Sutton.  Altering Milk Composition by Feeding , 1989 .

[33]  F. Mordret,et al.  DETERMINATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN VEGETABLE OILS IN TERMS OF THEIR PARTITION NUMBERS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY , 1992 .

[34]  J. Bézard,et al.  Composition of molecular species of triacylglycerols in bovine milk fat. , 1993, Journal of dairy science.

[35]  H. Fiebig.  HPLC‐Trennung von Triglyceriden , 1985 .

[36]  Prediction of mixture composition by chromatographic characterization, multivariate classification and partial least-squares regression, a comparison of methods , 1993 .

[37]  K. Nurmela,et al.  Quantitative analysis of triglycerides by high-performance liquid chromatography using non-linear gradient elution and flame ionization detection. , 1988, Journal of chromatography.

[38]  P. Lund.  Analysis of butterfat triglycerides by capillary gas chromatography , 1988 .

[39]  H. J. Luinge,et al.  Determination of the fat, protein and lactose content of milk using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry , 1993 .

[40]  Mingchao He.  Fatty acids: XIX. A quantitative treatment of saturated triglycerides by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography , 1980 .

[41]  K. Grob.  Evaluation of injection techniques for triglycerides in capillary gas chromatography , 1979 .

[42]  R. T. Carl,et al.  Quantification of the fat content of milk using a partial-least-squares method of data analysis in the near infrared , 1991 .

[43]  D. Weisleder,et al.  High-performance liquid chromatography of the triacylglycerols ofVernonia galamensis andCrepis alpina seed oils , 1993 .

[44]  M. Tsimidou,et al.  Evaluation of the mass detector for quantitative detection of triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters. , 1985, Journal of chromatography.

[46]  T. Hilditch.  The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats , 1949, British Journal of Nutrition.

[47]  B. Muuse,et al.  Mixtures of milkfat with non-milkfat: determination of the milkfat content , 1993 .

[48]  J. Sedman,et al.  A Rapid FTIR quality control method for fat and moisture determination in butter , 1992 .

[49]  W. Christie.  Gas Chromatography and Lipids , 1989 .

[50]  J. Hinrichs,et al.  Differences in the composition of triglycerides in summer and winter milk fat , 1992 .

[51]  M. Riekkola,et al.  On-column injection of large sample volumes usimg the retention gap technique in capillary gas-cromatography , 1985 .

[52]  W. W. Christie,et al.  The triacylglycerol structure of olive oil determined by silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with stereospecific analysis , 1992 .

[53]  L. Alonso.  Capillary gas chromatography of some triglycerides in cheese using programmed-temperature injection , 1993 .

[54]  T. Řezanka,et al.  Determination of plant triacylglycerols using capillary gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry , 1991 .

[55]  A M Ferris,et al.  The composition of milk fat. , 1991, Journal of dairy science.

[56]  W. Christie,et al.  Combination of silver ion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in the fractionation of herring oil triacylglycerols , 1991 .

[57]  M. Parmentier,et al.  Seasonal and regional variation in triglyceride composition of French butterfat , 1992 .

[58]  D. Precht.  Detection of Adulterated Milk Fat by Fatty Acid an Triglyceride Analysis , 1991 .

[59]  L. Barrón,et al.  HPLC Analysis of complex mixtures of triglycerides using gradient elutions and an ultraviolet detector , 1989 .

[60]  H. Kallio,et al.  Triacylglycerols of winter butterfat containing configurational isomers of monoenoic fatty acyl residues. I. Disaturated monoenoic triacylglycerols , 1993 .

[61]  M. P. Bindal,et al.  Compositional differences between goat milk fat and that of cows and buffaloes , 1993 .

[62]  A. Kemppinen,et al.  Mass spectrometric identification of triacylglycerols of enzymatically modified butterfat separated on a polarizable phenylmethylsilicone column , 1993 .

[63]  E. Selke,et al.  Analyses of vegetable oil triglyceride molecular species by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography , 1991 .

[64]  P. Sandra,et al.  Capillary GC of triglycerides in fats and oils using a high temperature phenylmethylsilicone stationary phase. Part II. The analysis of chocolate fats , 1987 .

[65]  Chemometrical applications in an industrial food research laboratory , 1991 .

[66]  A. Kuksis,et al.  Reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the uncommon triacylglycerol structures generated by randomization of butteroil , 1994 .

[67]  H. Engelhardt.  Practice of High Performance Liquid Chromatography , 1986 .

[68]  W. Christie.  Advances in Lipid Methodology - One , 1992 .

[69]  J. Henderson,et al.  Quantitation and structure elucidation of the positional isomers in a triacylglycerol mixture using proton and carbon one- and two-dimensional NMR , 1994 .

[70]  F. Mordret,et al.  Determination of triglycerides in vegetable oils in terms of their partition numbers by high performance liquid chromatography: results of a collaborative study and the standardized method , 1991 .

[71]  M. Safari,et al.  Determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids in butterfat triacylglycerols , 1993 .

[72]  V. Piironen,et al.  Application of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography to study the autoxidation of unsaturated triacylglycerols , 1993 .

[73]  D. Chobanov,et al.  Separation of Isomeric Triacylglycerols by Silver Ion Thin-Layer Chromatography , 1993 .

[74]  T. W. Scott,et al.  Manipulation of the fatty acid composition of milk by feeding protected canola seeds. , 1992, Journal of dairy science.

[75]  K. Aitzetmüller.  Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der HPLC in der modernen Fettanalytik , 1991 .

[76]  D. Precht,et al.  The influence of autoxidation on milk fat composition , 1993 .