A revised treatment of the influence of the sample support on the measurement of line scales and the consequences for its use to disseminate the unit of length

We revisited the treatment of the influence of the support conditions and the resulting bending of a scale on the positions of its graduation lines. In contrast to earlier publications, we did not calculate the position deviation with respect to the case without any bending. Due to the production processes used today, this is inappropriate and leads to an overestimation of the related uncertainty contribution. We also extended the treatment from two lines to all lines of the scale and included a finite starting point of the graduation. We verified our analytical model by means of FEM calculations. In addition, we showed that a first order Taylor expansion yields sufficiently accurate results for the position deviations and leads to simple equations for their size. Because line scale measurements are related to the zero line the constant term of the Taylor expansion cancels and the remaining coefficient is identical to the sensitivity coefficient required in the determination of the standard uncertainty contribution. If it is sufficient to suppress the position dependence and to consider only the case where the sample is supported at symmetric positions, then a new, simple equation is obtained for the resulting uncertainty contribution. Finally we showed that due to the position dependence of the deviations the scale coefficient of the scale, which is obtained by a linear fit to the deviations of the line positions of the scale from their nominal values, is also influenced, which has apparently not been noticed up to now. If the line standard used to disseminate the unit of length has not been designed carefully then the resulting change in the scale coefficient exposes a practical limit to the related achievable length-dependent uncertainty contribution.