Comportement à l’usure et au frottement de deux biomatériaux AISI 316L et Ti-6Al-7Nb pour prothèse totale de hanche

On s’est interesse dans ce travail a l’analyse du comportement a l’usure et au frottement de deux protheses totales de hanche en acier AISI 316L et en alliage a base de titane Ti-6Al-7Nb. Les proprietes tribologiques d’usure par glissement sont evaluees a l’aide d’un tribometre TriboTechnic muni du logiciel tribotester , en accord avec les standards ASTM G 133–95, ISO 7148-1:2012 et ASTMG 99, en presence d’un milieu physiologique (solution de Hank) a une temperature de 28 a 30 °C. La bille en alumine (Al2 O3 ) a ete choisie comme antagoniste. Trois vitesses (1, 6 et 15 mm.s−1 ) et quatre forces normales (2,4,6 et 10 N) ont ete appliquees. Apres chaque essai de frottement, l’etat de surface a ete analyse par un microscope electronique a balayage. Le coefficient de frottement et le volume d’usure etaient plus faibles dans les echantillons testes a une force appliquee de 2 N sous une vitesse de 1 mm.s−1 (0,12 et 0,33) et (0,07 × 107 et 0,09 × 107 μm3 ) pour l’acier AISI 316L et le Ti-6Al-7Nb, respectivement. Les valeurs du coefficient de frottement obtenues respectent les normes imposees par le domaine du biomedical notamment au niveau de l’etat de surface articulaire des protheses de hanche.

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