Akkommodation und Presbyopie

ZusammenfassungAkkommodation ist eine dynamische Brechkraftänderung des Auges. Nach der heute größtenteils akzeptierten und im Wesentlichen experimentell bestätigten Theorie von Helmholtz beruht sie auf dem Nachlassen der Spannung der Zonulafasern bei Kontraktion des Ziliarmuskels und der Formveränderung der Linse durch die elastische Linsenkapsel. Die Fähigkeit zur Akkomodation geht mit zunehmendem Lebensalter allmählich verloren (Presbyopie). Aufgrund der Schwierigkeiten bei der Untersuchung des Akkommodationsapparats in vivo wurden viele, sich teilweise widersprechende Theorien zum Mechanismus der Akkommodation und der Presbyopieentstehung entwickelt. In den letzten Jahren haben experimentelle Studien das Wissen über den Akkommodationsapparat bedeutend erweitert und legen eine multifaktorielle Ätiologie der Presbyopie nahe. Besseres Verständnis der Physiologie von Akkommodation und Presbyopie kann zur Entwicklung von effektiven Therapiemethoden beitragen.AbstractAccommodation is a dynamic change in the dioptric power of the eye. According to the widely accepted and experimentally confirmed theory of Helmholtz, it is achieved by release of zonular tension with contraction of the ciliary muscle and consecutive modelling of the shape of the crystalline lens by the elastic lens capsule. The ability to accommodate is gradually lost with age (presbyopia). Because of difficulties in examining the accommodative apparatus in vivo, many theories, in part contradictory, about the mechanism of accommodation and the origin of presbyopia have been developed. In recent years experimental studies have greatly increased the knowledge about the acommodative apparatus and suggest a multifactorial aetiology of presbyopia. A better understanding of the physiology of accommodation and presbyopia can contribute to the development of effective treatments.

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