Anodically nanostructured titanium oxides for implant applications

Abstract The formation of various nanostructures of titanium oxide by anodization of titanium in different electrolytes was studied in order to reveal factors that influence on the cell attachment and proliferation on the surface of anodically prepared titanium implant. We found that the morphology of titanium oxide is dramatically changed upon electrochemical conditions. Emphasizing that there is a competitive reaction between F − ions and PO 4 3− and it provides the different levels of incorporation of anions in the formed oxide, the mechanism of nanostructured titanium oxides in terms of different anodizing conditions was described. Titanium oxides containing enriched F − ions stimulate cell attachment, whereas high proliferation levels of cells are observed in phosphate incorporated titanium oxides. The map of cell attachment and proliferation vs. anodic conditions was depicted.

[1]  Thomas J Webster,et al.  Anodization: a promising nano-modification technique of titanium implants for orthopedic applications. , 2006, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[2]  M. Neo,et al.  Osteoinduction of porous bioactive titanium metal. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[3]  C. Baquey,et al.  Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. II. Surface chemical modification of regenerated cellulose hydrogels , 2001 .

[4]  K. Rie,et al.  Cytocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-2.5Fe alloys according to three surface treatments, using human fibroblasts and osteoblasts. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[5]  Tejal A Desai,et al.  Influence of engineered titania nanotubular surfaces on bone cells. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[6]  H. Ishizawa,et al.  Formation and characterization of anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[7]  Xingdong Zhang,et al.  Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[8]  Tejal A Desai,et al.  Decreased Staphylococcus epidermis adhesion and increased osteoblast functionality on antibiotic-loaded titania nanotubes. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[9]  H. Ishizawa,et al.  Mechanical and histological investigation of hydrothermally treated and untreated anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[10]  Jinsub Choi,et al.  Titanium oxide nanowires originating from anodically grown nanotubes: the bamboo-splitting model. , 2007, Small.

[11]  R. Schlögl,et al.  Oxide thin films based on ordered arrays of 1D nanostructure. A possible approach toward bridging material gap in catalysis. , 2007, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[12]  Patrik Schmuki,et al.  High-aspect-ratio TiO2 nanotubes by anodization of titanium. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Anodic Growth of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays to 134 μm in Length , 2006 .

[14]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Fabrication of tapered, conical-shaped titania nanotubes , 2003 .

[15]  B. Kasemo,et al.  Bone response to surface-modified titanium implants: studies on the early tissue response to machined and electropolished implants with different oxide thicknesses. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[16]  Huiming Wang,et al.  In vitro behavior of osteoblast-like cells on fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[17]  H. Hansson,et al.  Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. , 1981, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[18]  T. Webster,et al.  Enhanced osteoclast-like cell functions on nanophase ceramics. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[19]  Tejal A Desai,et al.  Titania nanotubes: a novel platform for drug-eluting coatings for medical implants? , 2007, Small.

[20]  Sang Cheon Lee,et al.  Porous niobium oxide films prepared by anodization in HF/H3PO4 , 2006 .

[21]  Y. Leng,et al.  A comparative study of electrochemical deposition and biomimetic deposition of calcium phosphate on porous titanium. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[22]  U. Gösele,et al.  Anodization of nanoimprinted titanium: a comparison with formation of porous alumina , 2004 .

[23]  Xiaolong Zhu,et al.  Effects of topography and composition of titanium surface oxides on osteoblast responses. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[24]  H. M. Kim,et al.  Effect of heat treatment on apatite-forming ability of Ti metal induced by alkali treatment , 1997, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[25]  J. Delplancke,et al.  Galvanostatic anodization of titanium—I. Structures and compositions of the anodic films , 1988 .

[26]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation , 2001 .

[27]  Patrik Schmuki,et al.  Self-Organized Porous Titanium Oxide Prepared in H 2 SO 4 / HF Electrolytes , 2003 .

[28]  V. Varadan,et al.  Multifunctional Nanowire Bioscaffolds on Titanium , 2007 .

[29]  Y. Sul,et al.  The significance of the surface properties of oxidized titanium to the bone response: special emphasis on potential biochemical bonding of oxidized titanium implant. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[30]  Marc Aucouturier,et al.  Structure and physicochemistry of anodic oxide films on titanium and TA6V alloy , 1999 .