A Retrospective Study on the Time in Range of Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Background Time in range (TIR) is one of the basic indicators to assess glycemic control. In this study, the TIR of DPN patients was used as the observation index to further evaluate the correlation between TIR and DPN, so as to provide new ideas for preventing the occurrence of DPN and delaying its disease progression. Methods A total of 120 patients with T2DM (T2DM) who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of our hospital from October 2018 to February 2020 were included and divided into two groups according to whether the nerve conduction velocity was normal or not, the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group (DPN) and the other groups. No diabetic peripheral neuropathy group (NDPN). According to the corresponding inclusion and exclusion criteria, the baseline data were recorded, and test indicators such as homocysteine and blood lipids were collected at the same time, and TIR was collected by a transient blood glucose meter. To explore the relationship between TIR and other indicators and peripheral neuropathy in T2DM. Results A total of 120 T2DM patients participated in the study, including 82 in the DPN group and 38 in the NDPN group. There were no statistically significant differences in basic indicators such as age, height, and weight between the two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and homocysteine (Hcy) in DPN group were higher than those in NDPN group, while TIR and HDL-C were lower than those in NDPN group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c and Hcy were risk factors for DPN, and TIR and HDL-C were protective factors for DPN, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The prediction results of TIR, Hcy, HDL-C, and HbA1c on diabetic peripheral neuropathy were analyzed by ROC curve, and the prediction results of the five variables were all statistically significant (P < 0.05) and have a better prediction effect. Conclusion (1) The results of TIR level suggest that the longer the blood sugar is in the good control range, the more beneficial it is to reduce the occurrence of DPN. (2) TIR and HDL-C are protective factors for DPN, and HbA1c and Hcy are risk factors for DPN. (3) The results of ROC curve analysis showed that TIR, Hcy, HbA1c, and HDL-C had a good predictive effect on the occurrence of DPN.

[1]  G. Barberio,et al.  Two co-inherited hemoglobin variants revealed by capillary electrophoresis during quantification of glycated hemoglobin , 2022, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

[2]  Chang Liu,et al.  Correlation between Acylcarnitine and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , 2022, Journal of diabetes research.

[3]  Wei-Wei Chang,et al.  Incident Stroke and Its Influencing Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study , 2022, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

[4]  F. Chiarelli,et al.  Stress and Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Clinical Outcome , 2022, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[5]  E. Steinhagen-Thiessen,et al.  Statins Aggravate the Risk of Insulin Resistance in Human Muscle , 2022, International journal of molecular sciences.

[6]  Paul J Thornalley,et al.  Hexokinase-2-Linked Glycolytic Overload and Unscheduled Glycolysis—Driver of Insulin Resistance and Development of Vascular Complications of Diabetes , 2022, International journal of molecular sciences.

[7]  L. Arendt-Nielsen,et al.  The histamine-induced axon-reflex response in people with type 1 diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy: A clinical, observational study. , 2022, The journal of pain.

[8]  M. Craig,et al.  Complications of Diabetes and Metrics of Glycemic Management Derived From Continuous Glucose Monitoring , 2022, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[9]  L. Ji,et al.  Negative association of time in range and urinary albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study of inpatients , 2022, Chinese medical journal.

[10]  M. Taha,et al.  Preference between serum homocysteine and urinary periostin as early predictive biomarkers of renal dysfunction among uncontrolled diabetics , 2022, Journal of complementary & integrative medicine.

[11]  V. Klimontov,et al.  Glucose variability in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: Relations with body composition, insulin secretion and sensitivity. , 2022, Diabetes & metabolic syndrome.

[12]  P. Kern,et al.  Time in range, as measured by continuous glucose monitor, as a predictor of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review , 2022, BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.

[13]  Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof,et al.  High early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, within a sub-optimal range, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study , 2021, Nutrition research and practice.

[14]  Jianfang Fu,et al.  Status of Analgesic Drugs and Quality of Life Results for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in China , 2022, Frontiers in Endocrinology.

[15]  Shuchun Chen,et al.  Correlation Between Hemoglobin Glycosylation Index and Nerve Conduction Velocity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , 2021, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.

[16]  Fei Xing,et al.  Serum Levels of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP Correlate with Glycolipid Metabolism in Adults with Never-Medicated First-Episode Schizophrenia , 2021, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[17]  B. Ahmad,et al.  Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E (Tocovid) Improved Nerve Conduction Velocity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Phase II Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial , 2021, Nutrients.

[18]  B. Song,et al.  A Mendelian Randomization Study of Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases , 2021, Frontiers in Genetics.

[19]  J. Kesavadev,et al.  Time-in-range as a target in type 2 diabetes: An urgent need , 2021, Heliyon.

[20]  L. Ren,et al.  Correlation Between Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein and Nerve Conduction Velocity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , 2020, Frontiers in Neurology.

[21]  Guang Wang,et al.  Homocysteine Levels are Associated with Endothelial Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. , 2019, Metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

[22]  M. Roden,et al.  Emerging Biomarkers, Tools, and Treatments for Diabetic Polyneuropathy. , 2018, Endocrine reviews.

[23]  D. Tang,et al.  Diagnostic Significance of Serum Levels of Nerve Growth Factor and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy , 2018, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[24]  G. Charpentier,et al.  Practical implementation, education and interpretation guidelines for continuous glucose monitoring: A French position statement. , 2017, Diabetes & Metabolism.

[25]  Eyal Dassau,et al.  International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring , 2017, Diabetes Care.

[26]  Chun-Pai Yang,et al.  Variability of fasting plasma glucose increased risks of diabetic polyneuropathy in T2DM , 2017, Neurology.

[27]  Shaohua Wang,et al.  Increased Plasma Homocysteine Level is Associated with Executive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. , 2017, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[28]  R. Freeman,et al.  Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association , 2016, Diabetes Care.

[29]  H. Zhang,et al.  Elevated serum homocysteine level in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. , 2015, Genetics and molecular research : GMR.

[30]  Hai-feng Li,et al.  Association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms with an elevated risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. , 2015, Journal of diabetes and its complications.

[31]  S. Mao,et al.  Association between homocysteine status and the risk of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. , 2014, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[32]  S. Studenski,et al.  Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels and 6-year change in peripheral nerve function and neurological signs. , 2012, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[33]  S. Wild,et al.  Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[34]  P. Savage,et al.  Cardiovascular disease in older adults with glucose disorders: comparison of American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes mellitus with WHO criteria , 1999, The Lancet.