Bioinspired Water‐Vapor‐Responsive Organic/Inorganic Hybrid One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Tunable Full‐Color Stop Band

Bioinspired organic/inorganic hybrid one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) are prepared by alternating thin films of titania and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-co-PGMA) by spin-coating, which is a simple, reproducible, and low-cost approach. Their optical properties are tuned by changing the number of layers, incident angles, and the thickness of the layers. The color of the 1 DPCs can span the entire visible spectral range when the period or the refractive index is changed. Due to the response of PHEMA-co-PGMA to water vapor, the 1 DPCs possess fast water-vapor responsiveness and reversible full-color switching. The color of the 1 DPCs varies from blue to green, yellow, orange, and red under differing humidities, covering the whole visible range. At high water-vapor concentrations, the color of the 1 DPCs rapidly changes from blue to red and comes back to the original state immediately after exposure to air; this behaviour is like that of some animals in nature. The repeatability of the reversible response of the 1 DPCs to water vapor is perfect and can be repeated more than 100 times. The as-prepared 1DPCs successfully combine structural color and water-vapor sensitivity, which is promising for use as materials for colorful detection across the full color range.

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