Anatomy of brain alpha1‐adrenergic receptors: In vitro autoradiography with [125I]‐heat

Much useful information on the localization of alpha1‐adrenergic binding sites has been gained by using tritiated radioligands for in vitro autoradiography. However, the iodinated alpha1‐adrenergic antagonist HEAT (([2‐β (4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ethylaminomethyl)‐tetralone], BE 2254), a radioligand with high affinity and specificity, provides autoradiographs with a higher signal to noise ratio. This has allowed us to describe the anatomy of these binding sites in much greater detail than previously possible.

[1]  D. Jacobowitz,et al.  Topographic atlas of catecholamine and acetylcholinesterase‐containing neurons in the rat brain. I. Forebrain (telencephalon, diencephalon) , 1974, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[2]  K. Brodmann.  Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde : in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues , 1985 .

[3]  B. K. Hartman,et al.  An immunohistochemical study of the organization of catecholaminergic cells and terminal fields in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[4]  R. Ahlquist,et al.  A study of the adrenotropic receptors. , 1948, The American journal of physiology.

[5]  Lars Olson,et al.  Ascending Monoamine Neurons to the Telencephalon and Diencephalon , 1966 .

[6]  J. Willoughby,et al.  Noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections to the medial preoptic area of the rat. A combined horseradish peroxidase/catecholamine fluorescence study , 1980, Brain Research.

[7]  J. Fain,et al.  Role of phosphatidylinositol turnover in alpha 1 and of adenylate cyclase inhibition in alpha 2 effects of catecholamines. , 1980, Life sciences.

[8]  O. Lindvall,et al.  The adrenergic innervation of the rat thalamus as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method , 1974, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[9]  C. D. Arnett,et al.  Subclassification of alpha-adrenergic receptors by direct binding studies. , 1979, Biochemical pharmacology.

[10]  M. Palkovits,et al.  Noradrenergic innervation of the rat hypothalamus: Experimental biochemical and electron microscopic studies , 1980, Brain Research.

[11]  J. Morrison,et al.  Noradrenergic innervation patterns in three regions of medial cortex: An immunofluorescence characterization , 1979, Brain Research Bulletin.

[12]  M. Kuhar,et al.  Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: Autoradiographic localization of high and low affinity agonist binding sites , 1980, Brain Research.

[13]  M. Kuhar,et al.  Noradrenergicα1 and α2 receptors: Autoradiographic visualization , 1979 .

[14]  E. Melamed,et al.  Direct mapping of β-adrenergic receptors in the rat central nervous system by a novel fluorescent β-blocker , 1978, Brain Research.

[15]  Barbara E. Jones,et al.  Ascending projections of the locus coeruleus in the rat. I. axonal transport in central noradrenaline neurons , 1977, Brain Research.

[16]  G. Silverberg,et al.  Lack of α-adrenoreceptor binding of [125I]BE2254 to rat basilar artery membranes , 1982, Neuroscience Letters.

[17]  K. Fuxe,et al.  Studies on central and peripheral noradrenaline neurons using a new dopamine-(beta)-hydroxylase inhibitor. , 1970, European journal of pharmacology.

[18]  D. Jacobowitz,et al.  Selective action of 6-hydroxydopa on noradrenergic terminals: mapping of preterminal axons of the brain. , 1971, Life sciences. Pt. 1: Physiology and pharmacology.

[19]  M. Tohyama,et al.  A major source of catecholamine terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarii , 1979, Brain Research.

[20]  U. Ungerstedt.  Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain. , 1971, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[21]  L. Loizou,et al.  Projections of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the albino rat. , 1969, Brain research.

[22]  J. Davis,et al.  Brain alpha 1-adrenergic receptors: suitability of [125I]heat as a radioligand for in vitro autoradiography. , 1983, European journal of pharmacology.

[23]  An HRP study on cell types and their regional topography within the locus coeruleus innervating the supraoptic nucleus of the rat. , 1980, Acta histochemica.

[24]  J. Palacios,et al.  Autoradiographic localization of H1-histamine receptors in brain using 3H-mepyramine: preliminary studies. , 1979, European journal of pharmacology.

[25]  Laurent Descarries,et al.  Noradrenergic axon terminals in the cerebral cortex of rat. III. Topometric ultrastructural analysis , 1977, Brain Research.

[26]  James N. Davis,et al.  [3H]Dihydroergocryptine binding in rat brain , 1977, Brain Research.

[27]  R. Moore,et al.  Noradrenergic innervation of the adult rat hippocampal formation , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[28]  L. Pellegrino,et al.  stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain , 1967 .

[29]  S. Harik,et al.  Adrenergic receptors of cerebral microvessels. , 1980, European journal of pharmacology.

[30]  S. Landis,et al.  Afferents to the hippocampus of the rat studied with the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. , 1974, Brain research.

[31]  F. Bloom,et al.  Studies on norepinephrine-containing afferents to Purkinje cells of art cerebellum. I. Localization of the fibers and their synapses. , 1971, Brain research.

[32]  M. Dashwood.  Central and peripheral prazosin binding: An in vitro autoradioraphic study in the rat , 1982 .

[33]  D. Jacobowitz,et al.  Biochemical mapping of noradrenergic nerves arising from the rat locus coeruleus. , 1974, Brain research.

[34]  G. Paxinos,et al.  The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates , 1983 .

[35]  K. Fuxe,et al.  Mapping of central noradrenaline pathways with 6-hydroxy-DOPA. , 1973, Brain research.

[36]  C. Brooks.  Studies on the Cerebral Cortex , 1933 .

[37]  Barbara E. Jones,et al.  Ascending projections of the locus coeruleus in the rat. II. Autoradiographic study , 1977, Brain Research.

[38]  A. Biegon,et al.  Localization and characterization of [3H]desmethylimipramine binding sites in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography , 1983, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[39]  D. Woodward,et al.  Beta-1 adrenergic receptors mediate noradrenergic facilitation of purkinje cell responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebellum of rat , 1983, Neuropharmacology.

[40]  K. Fuxe,et al.  On the projections from the locus coeruleus noradrealine neurons: the cerebellar innervation. , 1971, Brain research.

[41]  M. Wayner,et al.  Afferent connections to the lateral hypothalamus: A horseradish peroxidase study in the rat , 1981, Brain Research Bulletin.

[42]  Z. Gottesfeld.  Origin and distribution of noradrenergic innervation in the habenula: A neurochemical study , 1983, Brain Research.

[43]  F. Bloom,et al.  A radioautographic study of the efferent pathways of the nucleus locus coeruleus , 1974, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[44]  Pat Levitt,et al.  Noradrenaline neuron innervation of the neocortex in the rat , 1978, Brain Research.

[45]  G. Scatchard,et al.  THE ATTRACTIONS OF PROTEINS FOR SMALL MOLECULES AND IONS , 1949 .

[46]  T. Ho¨kfelt,et al.  Transmitter histochemistry of the rat olfactory bulb. II. fluorescence histochemical, autoradiographic and electron microscopic localization of monoamines , 1978, Brain Research.

[47]  R. Gorski,et al.  Changes in the catecholamine content of the rat hypothalamus following deafferentation. , 1972, Endocrinology.

[48]  R. L. McBride,et al.  Projections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum in the cat , 1976, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[49]  B. K. Hartman,et al.  Biochemical specificity in central pathways related to peripheral and intracerebral homeostatic functions , 1980, Neuroscience Letters.

[50]  J. H. Austin,et al.  Serial changes in norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain after locus coeruleus lesions , 1976, Brain Research.

[51]  G. Burnstock,et al.  CORRELATION OF FINE STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INNERVATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE GUINEA PIG VAS DEFERENS , 1963, The Journal of cell biology.

[52]  U. Ungerstedt,et al.  On the distribution and possible function of monamine nerve terminals in the olfactory bulb of the rabbit. , 1965, Life sciences.

[53]  B. Parsons,et al.  Quantitative autoradiography of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in rat brain. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[54]  Joachim F. R. König,et al.  The rat brain: A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain and lower parts of the brain stem , 1986 .

[55]  K. Fuxe,et al.  THE DISTRIBUTION OF ADRENERGIC NERVE FIBRES TO THE BLOOD VESSELS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE. , 1965, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[56]  M. Palkovits,et al.  Effect of surgical isolation of the hypothalamus on its neurotransmitter content , 1976, Brain Research.

[57]  A. Biegon,et al.  Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]prazosin binding sites in rat forebrain , 1983, Neuroscience Letters.

[58]  M. Herkenham,et al.  Phencyclidine (angel dust)/sigma "opiate" receptor: visualization by tritium-sensitive film. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[59]  James N. Davis,et al.  Hippocampal α- and β-adrenergic receptors: comparison of [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]WB 4101 binding with noradrenergic innervation in the rat , 1980, Brain Research.

[60]  F. Bloom,et al.  Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity. , 1983, Physiological reviews.

[61]  D. Reis,et al.  Effects of lesions of locus coeruleus on regional distribution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in rat brain. , 1974, Brain research.

[62]  M. Palkovits,et al.  Regional concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in rat brain , 1976, Brain Research.

[63]  D. Jacobowitz,et al.  Biochemical mapping of noradrenergic projections of axons in the dorsal noradrenergic bundle , 1976, Brain Research.

[64]  Michael J. Kuhar,et al.  A new method for receptor autoradiography: [3H]Opioid receptors in rat brain , 1979, Brain Research.

[65]  J. Palacios,et al.  Beta adrenergic receptor localization in rat brain by light microscopic autoradiography , 1982, Neurochemistry International.

[66]  B. K. Hartman,et al.  The central adrenergic system. An immunofluorescence study of the location of cell bodies and their efferent connections in the rat utilizing dopamine‐B‐hydroxylase as a marker , 1975, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[67]  P. Molinoff,et al.  Selective survival of ß1-adenergic receptors in rat cerebellum following neonatal X-irradiation , 1981, Brain Research.

[68]  B. Vogt,et al.  Form and distribution of neurons in rat cingulate cortex: Areas 32, 24, and 29 , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[69]  L. F. Kromer,et al.  A study of the organization of the locus coeruleus projections to the lateral geniculate nuclei in the albino rat , 1980, Neuroscience.

[70]  F. Bloom,et al.  The projections of the nucleus locus coeruleus: an autoradiographic study. , 1973, Life sciences.

[71]  K. Fuxe,et al.  Immunohistochemical evidence for the existence of adrenaline neurons in the rat brain , 1974 .

[72]  K. E. Moore,et al.  Regional distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine and dopamine within the amygdaloid complex of the rat , 1975, Brain Research.

[73]  K. Fuxe,et al.  Further mapping out of central noradrenaline neuron systems: projections of the "subcoeruleus" area. , 1972, Brain research.

[74]  F. Rice,et al.  The organization of the catecholamine innervation of somatosensory cortex: the barrel field of the mouse , 1978, Brain Research.

[75]  S. Snyder,et al.  Neurotransmitter receptor binding in bovine cerebral microvessels. , 1980, Science.

[76]  J. Innes,et al.  Craigie's Neuroanatomy of the rat. , 1963 .

[77]  K Fuxe,et al.  Distribution of noradrenaline nerve terminals in cortical areas of the rat. , 1968, Brain research.

[78]  R. Deth,et al.  Alpha adrenergic receptor subtype associated with receptor binding, Ca++ influx, Ca++ release and contractile events in the rabbit aorta. , 1983, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[79]  O. Ottersen.  Afferent connections to the amygdaloid complex of the rat with some observations in the cat. III. Afferents from the lower brain stem , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[80]  F E Bloom,et al.  Central catecholamine neuron systems: anatomy and physiology of the norepinephrine and epinephrine systems. , 1979, Annual review of neuroscience.

[81]  L. Swanson,et al.  Central noradrenergic pathways for the integration of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and autonomic responses. , 1981, Science.

[82]  T. Hökfelt,et al.  On the catecholamine innervation of the hypothalamus, with special reference to the median eminence. , 1972, Brain research.

[83]  F. Bloom,et al.  The catecholamine-containing neurons in the cat dorsolateral pontine tegmentum: Distribution of the cell bodies and some axonal projections , 1974 .

[84]  D. Atlas,et al.  Direct evidence for beta-adrenoreceptors on the Purkinje cells of mouse cerebellum , 1977, Brain Research.

[85]  John H. Morrison,et al.  Complementarity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervation in anterior cingulate cortex of the rat , 1979, Brain Research.

[86]  K. Minneman.  Binding properties of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex: similarity to smooth muscle. , 1983, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[87]  L. Swanson.  The locus coeruleus: A cytoarchitectonic, golgi and immunohistochemical study in the albino rat , 1976, Brain Research.

[88]  J. Penney,et al.  Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]muscimol binding in rat brain. , 1981, Science.

[89]  F E Bloom,et al.  Noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers innervate complementary layers in monkey primary visual cortex: an immunohistochemical study. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[90]  S. Landis,et al.  Afferents to the septal area of the rat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. , 1974, Brain research.

[91]  M. Palkovits,et al.  Total and partial hypothalamic deafferentations for topographical identification of catecholaminergic innervations of certain preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei , 1977, Brain Research.

[92]  A. Loewy,et al.  Organization of some brain stem afferents to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat , 1981, Brain Research.

[93]  W. Krieg.  Connections of the cerebral cortex. I. The albino rat. B. Structure of the cortical areas , 1946, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[94]  James N. Davis,et al.  Brain α-adrenergic receptors: comparison of [3H]WB 4101 binding with norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat cerebral cortex , 1978, Brain Research.

[95]  P. Molinoff,et al.  Simultaneous determination of beta-1 and beta-2-adrenergic receptors in tissues containing both receptor subtypes. , 1979, Molecular pharmacology.

[96]  D. Jacobowitz,et al.  Noradrenergic perikarya (A5-A7, subcoeruleus) projections to the rat cerebellum , 1980, Brain Research.

[97]  J. Palacios,et al.  Autoradiographic localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the rat cerebellum. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[98]  J. Fallon,et al.  Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain II. Amygdala, suprarhinal cortex and entorhinal cortex , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[99]  Anders Björklund,et al.  Organization of catecholamine neurons projecting to the frontal cortex in the rat , 1978, Brain Research.

[100]  T. Maeda,et al.  Projections ascendantes du locus coeruleus et d'autres neurones aminergiques pontiques au niveau du prosencéphale du rat , 1972 .

[101]  M. Kuhar,et al.  Autoradiographic localisation of benzodiazepine receptors in the brains of humans and animals , 1979, Nature.

[102]  S. Snyder,et al.  Beta adrenergic receptor binding in membrane preparations from mammalian brain. , 1976, Molecular pharmacology.

[103]  M. Palkovits.  Catecholamines in the hypothalamus: an anatomical review. , 1981, Neuroendocrinology.

[104]  James N. Davis,et al.  Direct identification and characterisation of β-adrenergic receptors in rat brain , 1975, Nature.

[105]  J. Eichberg,et al.  Relationship of α-adrenergic receptors in rat pineal gland to drug-induced stimulation of phospholipid metabolism , 1974, Nature.

[106]  M. Norita,et al.  Subcortical afferents to the monkey amygdala: an HRP study , 1980, Brain Research.

[107]  W. Young,et al.  Noradrenergic alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors: light microscopic autoradiographic localization. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[108]  J. Palacios,et al.  Beta-adrenergic-receptor localization by light microscopic autoradiography. , 1980, Science.

[109]  M. Palkovits,et al.  Norepinephrine and dopamine content of hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. , 1974, Brain research.

[110]  M. Palkovits,et al.  Norepinephrine and dopamine in the limbic system of the rat. , 1974, Brain research.

[111]  L. Swanson,et al.  The organization of noradrenergic pathways from the brainstem to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the rat , 1982, Brain Research Reviews.

[112]  R. Moore.  Catencholamine neuron systems in brain , 1982 .

[113]  R. Lefkowitz,et al.  [3H]WB4101--caution about its role as an alpha-adrenergic subtype selective radioligand. , 1980, Biochemical pharmacology.