Synthesis of nickel–rubber nanocomposites and evaluation of their dielectric properties

Nanocomposites based on natural rubber and nano-sized nickel were synthesized by incorporating nickel nanoparticles in a natural rubber matrix for various loadings of the filler. Structural, morphological, magnetic and mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated along with a detailed study of dielectric properties. It was found that nickel particles were uniformly distributed in the matrix without agglomeration resulting in a magnetic nanocomposite. The elastic properties showed an improvement with increase in filler content but breaking stress and breaking strain were found to decrease. Dielectric permittivity was found to decrease with increase in frequency, and found to increase with increase in nickel loading. The decrease in permittivity with temperature is attributed to the high volume expansivity of rubber at elevated temperatures. Dielectric loss of blank rubber as well as the composites was found to increase with temperature.

[1]  K.F. Schoch,et al.  HANDBOOK OF ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS , 1996, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.

[2]  P. Kurian,et al.  Dielectric properties of rubber ferrite composites containing mixed ferrites , 1999 .

[3]  Some electrical properties of aluminum-epoxy composite , 1991 .

[4]  G. Psarras.  Hopping conductivity in polymer matrix–metal particles composites , 2006 .

[5]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[6]  G. Montanari,et al.  Polymer nanocomposites as dielectrics and electrical insulation-perspectives for processing technologies, material characterization and future applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[7]  P. Kurian,et al.  Evaluation of a.c. conductivity of rubber ferrite composites from dielectric measurements , 2002 .

[8]  W. Gong,et al.  Ultrafine particles of Fe, Co, and Ni ferromagnetic metals , 1991 .

[9]  Yihe Zhang,et al.  Dielectric behavior and dependence of percolation threshold on the conductivity of fillers in polymer-semiconductor composites , 2004 .

[10]  J. Xiong,et al.  Microwave-absorbing properties of de-aggregated flake-shaped carbonyl-iron particle composites at 2-18 GHz , 2006 .

[11]  F. Morrison,et al.  CaCu3Ti4O12: One-step internal barrier layer capacitor , 2002 .

[12]  G. Psarras,et al.  Electrical relaxations in polymeric particulate composites of epoxy resin and metal particles , 2002 .

[13]  P. Kurian,et al.  Loading dependence similarities on the cure time and mechanical properties of rubber ferrite composites containing nickel zinc ferrite , 2003 .

[14]  G. Ragosta,et al.  Study of ac electrical properties of aluminium–epoxy composites , 2008 .

[15]  R. J. Collier,et al.  Principles of Solid State Physics , 1968 .

[16]  C. M. Blow.  Rubber technology and manufacture , 1971 .

[17]  Swapan Das,et al.  Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of Ni powder using urea , 2006 .

[18]  D. I. Bower,et al.  An Introduction to Polymer Physics: Polymer blends, copolymers and liquid-crystal polymers , 2002 .

[19]  Masao Doi,et al.  Introduction to Polymer Physics , 1996 .

[20]  J. Ismail,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles in natural rubber , 2007 .

[21]  Daniel S. Bridges,et al.  An Introduction to Polymer Physics , 2009 .

[22]  H. Sakata,et al.  Microstructure and dielectric properties of NaxTiyNi1−x−yO (x = 0.05–0.30, y = 0.02) , 2008 .

[23]  G. Psarras,et al.  Dielectric permittivity and loss of an aluminum-filled epoxy resin , 1991 .