The Future-Making Assessment Approach as a Tool for E-Planning and Community Development: The Case of Ubiquitous Helsinki

The emergence of network, information and knowledge societies in the last decades of the twentieth century has created great expectations for the revitalisation of cities and its neighbourhoods due to the availability of information and communication technology (ICT). However, the history of the early shaping of urban internet space discloses that the hope and hype of ICT have not been fulfilled (Kasvio & Anttiroiko, 2005). The assumed digital cities in Europe in the 1990s were nothing more than electronic brochures, except for a few holistic digital experiments (Aurigi, 2005). Nevertheless, from the beginning of the 21st century a digital citizenship has started to emerge. ABSTRACT