Antimicrobial Properties of Nanomaterials Used to Control Microbial Colonization of Stone Substrata

Nanoparticle-based materials are applied in the conservation of cultural heritage for their consolidating and self-cleaning abilities. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to possess inherent antimicrobial activity, which has stimulated their application in the control of microbial colonization of stone and other mineral materials. A literature survey shows diverse testing procedures and limited research on the antimicrobial effectiveness of nanomaterials under real conditions. Most research reports laboratory-scale studies, employing either mono- or dual species (two organisms) assays over short-term incubation of days or weeks. Antimicrobial effectiveness is often assessed using microbiological, microscopy-based methods and surface colorimetry. There is a potential adverse ecotoxicological impact of NPs after release from treated surfaces. This chapter covers the antimicrobial properties of NPs and their limitations and advantages for application on built cultural heritage.

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