Large-scale laboratory observations of wave forces on a highway bridge superstructure

The experimental setup and data are presented for a laboratory experiment conducted to examine realistic wave forcing on a highway bridge superstructure. The experiments measure wave conditions along with the resulting forces, pressures, and structural response of a 1:5 scale, reinforced concrete model of a typical section of the I-10 Bridge over Escambia Bay, Florida that failed during Hurricane Ivan in 2004. A unique feature of this model is its roller and rail system which allowed the specimen to move freely along the axis of wave propagation to simulate the dynamic response of the structure. The data are analyzed to study the relative importance of the impulse load versus the sustained wave load, the magnitudes of the horizontal to vertical forces, and their time histories to identify the modes of failure. The thesis examines the relationship between measured forces and wave momentum flux. The measured forces are also compared to recently published AASHTO guidelines. The author evaluates the distribution of forces under random wave conditions and proposes a method that calculates design loads based on exceedance probabilities.

[1]  P Kaplan.  Wave Impact Forces on Offshore Structures: Re-Examination and New Interpretations , 1992 .

[2]  Giovanni Cuomo,et al.  Wave-in-deck loads on exposed jetties , 2007 .

[3]  M. Longuet-Higgins,et al.  Radiation stresses in water waves; a physical discussion, with applications , 1964 .

[4]  Robert G. Bea,et al.  Wave Forces on Decks of Offshore Platforms , 1999 .

[5]  K Anastasiou,et al.  WAVE INDUCED UPLIFT PRESSURE ACTING ON A HORIZONTAL PLATFORM , 1989 .

[6]  P. A. D. Bird,et al.  The influence of air and scale on wave impact pressures , 2001 .

[7]  William Allsop,et al.  Piers, Jetties and Related Structures Exposed to Waves: Guidelines for Hydraulic Loadings , 2004 .

[8]  P Kaplan,et al.  THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF WAVE IMPACT FORCES ON PLATFORM DECK STRUCTURES , 1995 .

[9]  Steven A. Hughes,et al.  Wave momentum flux parameter: a descriptor for nearshore waves , 2004 .

[10]  Stephen A Cauffman,et al.  Performance of physical structures in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita :: a reconnaissance report , 2006 .

[11]  E. Mansard,et al.  The Measurement of Incident and Reflected Spectra Using a Least squares Method , 1980 .

[12]  Neal Lott,et al.  Hurricane Katrina: A Climatological Perspective , 2005 .

[13]  Steven A Hughes,et al.  PHYSICAL MODELS AND LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IN COASTAL ENGINEERING , 1993 .

[14]  合田 良実,et al.  Random seas and design of maritime structures , 1985 .

[15]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  Bridge Damage and Repair Costs from Hurricane Katrina , 2008 .

[16]  H. Ronald Riggs,et al.  Lessons from Hurricane Katrina Storm Surge on Bridges and Buildings , 2007 .