Role of carboxylesterase in soman, sarin and tabun poisoning in rats.

TOCP (triorthocresyl phosphate) inhibits carboxylesterase (CarbE) activity in rat plasma and liver and significantly increases soman, sarin and tabun toxicity. Application of these agents after TOCP caused strong additional inhibition of CarbE and cholinesterases (ChE) in rat red blood cells, plasma, liver, brain, diaphragm and intercostal muscle. After phenobarbital pretreatment, which induced CarbE activity in plasma and liver by 80% and that of plasma ChE by 33%, acute toxicity of soman and tabun was greatly decreased, while that of sarin remained unaffected.

[1]  F. Fonnum,et al.  Carboxylesterases, importance for detoxification of organophosphorus anticholinesterases and trichothecenes. , 1985, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[2]  F. Fonnum,et al.  Esterase activities and soman toxicity in developing rat. , 1985, Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica.

[3]  K. Steinmann,et al.  Two enzymes for the detoxication of organophosphorus compounds--sources, similarities, and significance. , 1984, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[4]  O. Wolthuis,et al.  Evidence for an intramuscular depot of the cholinesterase inhibitor soman in the rat. , 1983, European journal of pharmacology.

[5]  J. Clement.  Effect of pretreatment with sodium phenobarbital on the toxicity of soman in mice. , 1983, Biochemical pharmacology.

[6]  S. Sterri.  Factors modifying the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds including dichlorvos. , 2009, Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica.

[7]  F. Fonnum,et al.  Toxicity of soman after repetitive injection of sublethal doses in rat. , 2009, Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica.

[8]  E. Cohen,et al.  The influence of triorthocresylphosphate on the distribution of 32P in the body of the rat after the injection of 32P-sarin. , 1969, Biochemical pharmacology.

[9]  W. Hayes,et al.  Liver Metabolism of Anticholinesterase Compounds in Live Rats : Relation to Toxicity , 1966, Nature.

[10]  J. Casida,et al.  Biological Activity of a Tri-o-Cresyl Phosphate Metabolite , 1961, Nature.

[11]  K. Courtney,et al.  A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. , 1961, Biochemical pharmacology.

[12]  F. Wilcoxon,et al.  A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. , 1948, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.