Intravenous Misplacement of the Nephrostomy Catheter Following Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy: Two Case Reports

and it has remained an important approach for removing kidney stones since its inception. A nephrostomy tube is routinely positioned in the renal pelvis in order to tamponade bleeding and drain the collecting system. Although PCNL is an established procedure, major complication rates of up to 7% have been reported.