1 GIS and remote sensing integration: in search of a definition

Ever since its formalism by the NCGIA Initiative-12 in 1990 (Star et al., 1991), the move towards ‘seamless’ and ‘hybrid’ integration of data, techniques and organization from the geographic information systems (GIS) domain with those from the remote sensing2 sphere has been arduous, sporadic and irresolute. Few major breakthroughs have materialized other than the establishment of routine data format interchanges, improvements in the efficiency of interoperational relational database systems (Abel et al., 1994) and modest advances in the accuracy of object/thematic

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