Offshoring, Outsourcing, and Production Relocation - Labor-Market Effects in the OECD Countries and Developing Asia

This paper evaluates data validity of available empirical sources and the extent of services sector labor market impact of offshoring in the US, EU-15 and Japan. A three-tier data validity hierarchy is identified, while the employment impact of offshoring in the three regions is found to be limited. Correspondingly, developing Asia is unlikely to experience large-scale employment gains as a destination region. Instead, the crucial role of domestic entrepreneurs in the growth of the Indian IT-related services industry is highlighted, as are the twin educational challenges facing developing Asia: the need to improve both primary and higher education simultaneously.

[1]  N. Mankiw,et al.  The Politics and Economics of Offshore Outsourcing , 2006 .

[2]  A. Blinder.  Fear of Offshoring , 2005 .

[3]  M. Feldstein.  The Effects of Outbound Foreign Direct Investment on the Domestic Capital Stock , 1994 .

[4]  E. Graham.  Fighting the Wrong Enemy: Antiglobal Activists and Multinational Enterprises , 2000 .

[5]  経済産業省.  White paper on international economy and trade , 2004 .

[6]  J. Jensen,et al.  Tradable Services: Understanding the Scope and Impact of Services Offshoring , 2006 .

[7]  S. Wei,et al.  Fear of Service Outsourcing , 2004 .

[8]  M. Bacchetta.  Market Access: Unfinished Business: Post-Uruguay Round Inventory and Issues , 2007 .

[9]  M. Feldstein,et al.  The Effects of Taxation on Multinational Corporations , 1995 .

[10]  J. Kirkegaard,et al.  Outsourcing—Stains on the White Collar? , 2003 .

[11]  Robert C. Feenstra,et al.  Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy , 1998 .

[12]  Pawan Agarwal,et al.  Higher Education in India: The Need for Change , 2006 .

[13]  Janice Long,et al.  EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK 2002 , 2001 .

[14]  S. Wei,et al.  Fear of Service Outsourcing: Is it Justified? , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[15]  Bart van Ark,et al.  Does the European Union need to revive productivity growth , 2005 .

[16]  D. Jorgenson.  Economic growth in the information age , 2002 .

[17]  K. Bronfenbrenner,et al.  The Changing Nature of Corporate Global Restructuring: The Impact of Production Shifts on Jobs in the US, China, and Around the Globe , 2004 .

[18]  Catherine L. Mann,et al.  Accelerating the Globalization of America: The Role for Information Technology , 2006 .

[19]  T. Curtis,et al.  TRENDS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN RUSSIA , 2009 .

[20]  Richard J. Murnane,et al.  The New Division of Labor , 2004 .

[21]  James R. Hines Jr.,et al.  Foreign Direct Investment and the Domestic Capital Stock , 2005 .

[22]  A. Mattoo,et al.  Pre-Empting Protectionism in Services: The WTO and Outsourcing , 2004 .

[23]  Lawrence F. Katz,et al.  Computing Inequality: Have Computers Changed the Labor Market? , 1997 .

[24]  Desiree Van Welsum,et al.  Potential Offshoring of ICT-Intensive Using Occupations , 2005 .

[25]  M. Falk,et al.  The Impact of Office Machinery and Computer Capital on the Demand for Heterogeneous Labor , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[26]  J. Kirkegaard.  Outsourcing and Offshoring: Pushing the European Model Over the Hill, Rather than Off the Cliff! , 2005 .

[27]  Steven Kapsos.  The employment intensity of growth: Trends and macroeconomic determinants , 2006 .

[28]  J. Kirkegaard.  Outsourcing and Skill Imports: Foreign High-Skilled Workers on H-1b and L-1 Visas in the United States , 2005 .

[29]  D. Jorgenson,et al.  Raising the Speed Limit: U.S. Economic Growth in the Information Age , 2000 .

[30]  J. Kirkegaard,et al.  Offshoring in Europe - Evidence of a Two-Way Street from Denmark , 2006 .

[31]  C. Garner,et al.  Offshoring in the Service Sector: Economic Impact and Policy Issues , 2004 .

[32]  T. Srinivasan,et al.  Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 18, Number 4—Fall 2004—Pages 93–114 The Muddles over Outsourcing , 2022 .

[33]  J. Jensen,et al.  Tradable Services: Understanding the Scope and Impact of Services Outsourcing , 2005 .

[34]  Richard J. Murnane,et al.  How Computerized Work and Globalization Shape Human Skill Demands , 2006 .

[35]  William J. Zeile.  Trade in Goods Within Multinational Companies: Survey-Based Data and Findings for the United States of America , 2003 .

[36]  P. Aubert,et al.  Délocalisations et réductions d'effectifs dans l'industrie française , 2005 .