Three-dimensional delayed-detonation models with nucleosynthesis for Type Ia supernovae

We present results for a suite of fourteen three-dimensional, high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of delayed-detonation models of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosions. This model suite comprises the first set of three-dimensional SN I a simulations with detailed isotopic yield information. As such, it may serve as a database for Chandrasekhar-mass delayeddetonation model nucleosynthetic yields and for deriving synthetic observables such as spectra and light curves. We employ a physically motivated, stochastic model based on turbulent velocity fluctuations and fuel density to calculate in situ t he deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) probabilities. To obtain different strengths of the deflagration phase and thereby different degrees of pre-expansion, we have chosen a sequence of initial models with 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 1600 (two different realizations) ignition kernels in a hydrostatic white dwarf with central density of 2.9× 10 9 g cm −3 , plus in addition one high central density (5.5× 10 9 g cm −3 ) and one low central density (1.0× 10 9 g cm −3 ) rendition of the 100 ignition kernel configuration. For each simulatio n we determined detailed nucleosynthetic yields by post-processing 10 6 tracer particles with a 384 nuclide reaction network. All delayed detonation models result in explosions unbinding the white dwarf, producing a range of 56 Ni masses from 0.32 to 1.11 M⊙. As a general trend, the models predict that the stable neutron-rich iron group isotopes are not found at the lowest velocities, but rather at intermediate velocities (∼3, 000− 10, 000 km s −1 ) in a shell surrounding a 56 Ni-rich core. The models further predict relatively low velocity oxygen and carbon, with typical minimum velocities around 4, 000 and 10, 000 km s −1 , respectively.