Medium Access in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

Introduction 1 MAC Design Goals in Ad Hoc Networks 2 Classifi cation of MAC Protocols For Ad Hoc Networks 4 Mechanism for Accessing the Medium 4 Alternative Classifi cations on the Basis of Medium Access Mechanism 4 Mechanism Used for Bandwidth Reservation and Its Scope 5 Presence and Scope of Synchronization 5 Presence and Permanence of a Controller 5 Interference Reduction Mechanism 5 Interdependence of Classifi cation Criteria 5 Contention-Based MAC Protocols 6 Basic Carrier Sense Multiple Access 6 IEEE 802.11 MAC 6 Multiple Access Collision Avoidance 7 Multiple Access Collision Avoidance Protocol for WLANs 8 Floor Acquisition Multiple Access 9 MACA by Invitation 9 MACA with Reduced Handshake 10 MAC Protocols that Use Bandwidth Reservation 11 Distributed Packet Reservation Multiple Access 11 Hop Reservation Multiple Access Protocol 11 Collision Avoidance Time Allocation Protocol 12 MACA with Piggybacked Reservation 12 Distributed Priority Scheduling 13 Multichannel MAC Protocols 13 Multichannel CSMA with Soft Channel Reservation 13 Slotted Seeded Channel Hopping 14 Asynchronous Multichannel Coordination Protocol 14 MAC Protocols with Power Management 15 Power-Aware Multiaccess Protocol with Signaling 15 Dynamic Power-Saving Mechanism 15 Power Control Mechanism 16 MAC Protocols that Use Directional Antennae 16 MAC Protocols that Use Out-of-Band Signaling 17 Busy Tone Multiple Access 17 Receiver-Initiated BTMA 17 Dual BTMA 17 MAC Protocols that Use Polling 17 Bluetooth 17 Sensor Networks 18 Energy Effi ciency 18 Protocol Effi ciency 18 Use of Redundant Sensors 19 Node Specialization 19 Traffi c Characteristics 19 Quality-of-Service Requirements 19 Differences from Ad Hoc Networks 19 MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 20 Adaptive Rate Control with CSMA 20 S-MAC 20 Time-Out MAC 21 Traffi c-Adaptive Medium Access 22 Other MAC Protocols for Sensor Networks 22 Conclusion 24 Glossary 24 Cross References 25 References 25 Medium Access in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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