Comparative study of non‐functional islet cell tumors and pancreatic solid and papillary neoplasms: Biological behavior and immunohistochemistry

Although non‐functional islet cell tumor (NFICT) and solid and papillary neoplasm (SPN) share similar clinical and pathological features, the outcome of each is different. Because NFICT often follow a malignant course and SPN are usually benign, the correct differential diagnosis is very important. We investigated the clinical and pathological findings in 10 cases of NFICT and 12 cases of SPN, including immunohistochemical analysis for chromogranin, vimentin, neuron‐specific enolase, somatostatin, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, CD99, p21 and Ki‐67. The current study shows that chromogranin is the most valuable marker in differentiating between the tumors (P < 0.01). In contrast to previous reports stating that SPN express the progesterone and/or estrogen receptors, which are absent in other pancreatic tumors, our results show that one‐third of SPN were positive for the progesterone receptor. Downregulation of p21 was found more frequently in NFICT (40%) than SPN (17%). The mean value of the Ki‐67 proliferation index for NFICT (2.77% ± 2.53%) was significantly higher than that for SPN (0.94% ± 0.89%; P = 0.043). These results are consistent with NFICT having more malignant behavior than SPN.

[1]  F. Sessa,et al.  Prognostic criteria in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumours , 1996, Virchows Archiv.

[2]  Y. Nakazato,et al.  Coexpression of cytokeratin, neurofilament and vimentin in carcinoid tumors , 2004, Virchows Archiv A.

[3]  A. Chott,et al.  Neuron specific enolase demonstration in the diagnosis of a solid-cystic (papillary cystic) tumour of the pancreas , 2004, Virchows Archiv A.

[4]  M. Makuuchi,et al.  Reduced p21WAF1/CIP1protein expression is predominantly related to altered p53 in hepatocellular carcinomas , 2000, British Journal of Cancer.

[5]  D. Klimstra,et al.  Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a typically cystic carcinoma of low malignant potential. , 2000, Seminars in diagnostic pathology.

[6]  S. Fan,et al.  Pancreatic Solid-cystic-papillary Tumor: Clinicopathologic Features in Eight Patients from Hong Kong and Review of the Literature , 1999, World Journal of Surgery.

[7]  V. Ferlan-Marolt,et al.  Solid papillary-cystic tumor of the pancreas. , 1999, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[8]  V. Vilgrain,et al.  Prognostic factors in patients with endocrine tumours of the duodenopancreatic area , 1998, Gut.

[9]  H. Furukawa,et al.  Nonfunctioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas: clinical, imaging and pathological aspects in 16 patients. , 1998, Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

[10]  J. Mosnier,et al.  The relationship between MIB-1 proliferation index and outcome in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. , 1998, American journal of clinical pathology.

[11]  F. Sarkar,et al.  The clinical significance of p21WAF1/CIP‐1 and p53 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma , 1997, Cancer.

[12]  Y. Chung,et al.  Loss of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression correlates with disease progression in gastric carcinoma. , 1997, British Journal of Cancer.

[13]  K. Lam,et al.  Pancreatic endocrine tumour: a 22-year clinico-pathological experience with morphological, immunohistochemical observation and a review of the literature. , 1997, European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.

[14]  E. Hess.  Nonspecificity of p30/32MIC2 immunolocalization with the 013 monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma : Application of an algorithmic immunohistochemical analysis , 1997 .

[15]  S. Gansauge,et al.  Nuclear accumulation of p53 correlates significantly with clinical features and inversely with the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) in pancreatic cancer. , 1997, British Journal of Cancer.

[16]  G. Pelosi,et al.  Endocrine tumors of the pancreas: Ki-67 immunoreactivity on paraffin sections is an independent predictor for malignancy: a comparative study with proliferating-cell nuclear antigen and progesterone receptor protein immunostaining, mitotic index, and other clinicopathologic variables. , 1996, Human pathology.

[17]  J. Closset,et al.  Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: clinical presentation of 7 patients. , 1996, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[18]  J. Howard,et al.  Papillary cystic and solid tumors of the pancreas: a pancreatic embryonic tumor? Studies of three cases and cumulative review of the world's literature. , 1995, Surgery.

[19]  R. Hruban,et al.  p53-independent expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in pancreatic carcinoma. , 1995, The American journal of pathology.

[20]  M. Zinner.  Solid and papillary neoplasms of the pancreas. , 1995, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[21]  N. Weidner,et al.  Immunohistochemical Profile of Monoclonal Antibody 013: Antibody That Recognizes Glycoprotein p30/32MIC2 and is Useful in Diagnosing Ewing's Sarcoma and Peripheral Neuroepithelioma , 1994, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[22]  David Beach,et al.  p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases , 1993, Nature.

[23]  J. Trent,et al.  WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression , 1993, Cell.

[24]  L. Terracciano,et al.  Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases with cytologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric observations, and a review of the literature. , 1992, American journal of clinical pathology.

[25]  A. Berk,et al.  Inhibition of p53 transactivation required for transformation by adenovirus early 1B protein , 1992, Nature.

[26]  T. Gansler,et al.  Aspiration cytologic, ultrastructural, and DNA cytometric findings of solid and papillary tumor of the pancreas , 1992, Cancer.

[27]  L. Kvols,et al.  Treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined etoposide and cisplatin. Evidence of major therapeutic activity in the anaplastic variants of these neoplasms , 1991, Cancer.

[28]  H. Ehya,et al.  Aspiration cytology of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. , 1990, American journal of clinical pathology.

[29]  Y. Nakazato,et al.  Expression of intermediate filaments in neuroendocrine tumors. , 1990, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[30]  K. Chijiiwa,et al.  Pancreatic somatostatinoma: A case report and review of the literature , 1990, Journal of surgical oncology.

[31]  F. Konishi,et al.  Papillary‐cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study concerning the tumor aging and malignancy of nine cases , 1990, Cancer.

[32]  A. Santana,et al.  Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas. , 1989, Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie : organ der Deutschen, der Schweizerischen und der Osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Kinderchirurgie = Surgery in infancy and childhood.

[33]  F. Ranelletti,et al.  Type II estrogen receptors in the papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas. , 1989, American journal of clinical pathology.

[34]  M. Tsuneyoshi,et al.  Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 14 patients. , 1989, Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

[35]  M. Tubiana,et al.  Cell proliferation kinetics in human solid tumors: relation to probability of metastatic dissemination and long-term survival. , 1989, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[36]  B. Ludvik,et al.  Solid and cystic tumour of the pancreas; a hormonal-dependent neoplasm? , 1988, Histopathology.

[37]  E. Kivilaakso,et al.  Papillary Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas: An Analysis of Cellular Differentiation by Electron Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry , 1987, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[38]  A. Chott,et al.  Immunocytochemical markers of uncommon pancreatic tumors. Acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid cystic (papillary‐cystic) tumor , 1987, Cancer.

[39]  M. Lieber,et al.  Solid and Papillary Epithelial Neoplasm of the Pancreas An Ultrastructural and Immunocytochemical Study of Six Cases , 1987, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[40]  M. Ladanyi,et al.  Estrogen and progesterone receptor determination in the papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. With immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. , 1987, Cancer.

[41]  R. Lloyd,et al.  Nonfunctioning malignant neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. , 1986, Surgery.

[42]  S. Price,et al.  Papillary and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas‐an acinar cell tumour? , 1985, Histopathology.

[43]  H Stein,et al.  Cell cycle analysis of a cell proliferation-associated human nuclear antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. , 1984, Journal of immunology.

[44]  J. Bonnin,et al.  Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues. , 1984, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[45]  G. Chejfec,et al.  "Nonfunctioning" islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. , 1983, The American surgeon.

[46]  C. du Boulay,et al.  Demonstration of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in fibrous histiocytomas using the immunoperoxidase technique. , 1982 .

[47]  C. du Boulay.  Demonstration of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin in fibrous histiocytomas using the immunoperoxidase technique , 1982, The American journal of surgical pathology.