Streaming multimedia over WMSNs: an online multipath routing protocol

Routing is a challenge to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) for supporting multimedia applications due to nodes' energy constraints and computational capabilities, and the ways sensor nodes obtain forwarding information. In this paper, we propose an online multipath routing protocol that uses nodes' positions to make forwarding decisions at each hop. Real-time decisions are made without any need to have the entire network topology knowledge. The protocol achieves load-balancing and minimises nodes' energy consumption by utilising: (a) smart greedy forwarding scheme for selecting next hop, and (b) walking back forwarding scheme to bypass network holes. Performance comparisons of the proposed protocol (schemes) are made with TPGF and GPSR. The results show that our schemes: (a) maximise the overall network lifespan by not draining energy from some specific nodes, (b) provide QoS delivery for video streams by using best nodes along the route, and (c) scale better in high-density WMSN.

[1]  JAMAL N. AL-KARAKI,et al.  Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2004, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[2]  R. Vidhyapriya,et al.  Energy Efficient Adaptive Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007 .

[3]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences- 2000 Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks , 2022 .

[4]  JORGE URRUTIA,et al.  Routing with guaranteed delivery in geometric and wireless networks , 2002 .

[5]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[6]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  Multimedia communication in wireless sensor networks , 2005, Ann. des Télécommunications.

[7]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  DV Based Positioning in Ad Hoc Networks , 2003, Telecommun. Syst..

[8]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Position-based routing in ad hoc networks , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[9]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Loop-Free Hybrid Single-Path/Flooding Routing Algorithms with Guaranteed Delivery for Wireless Networks , 2001, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst..

[10]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[11]  Radhika Nagpal,et al.  Organizing a Global Coordinate System from Local Information on an Ad Hoc Sensor Network , 2003, IPSN.

[12]  Moufida Maimour,et al.  Maximally radio-disjoint multipath routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks , 2008, WMuNeP '08.

[13]  Charalabos Skianis,et al.  Performance evaluation of single and multi-channel actor to actor communication for wireless sensor actor networks , 2006, Ad Hoc Networks.

[14]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[15]  David R. Karger,et al.  A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[16]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  A survey of multimedia streaming in wireless sensor networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[17]  Laurence T. Yang,et al.  Geographic Routing in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks , 2008, 2008 Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking.

[18]  Guangjie Han,et al.  Multi-priority Multi-path Selection for Video Streaming in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks , 2008, UIC.

[19]  Prosenjit Bose,et al.  Online Routing in Triangulations , 1999, SIAM J. Comput..

[20]  Stefanos Gritzalis,et al.  Trust establishment in sensor networks: behaviour-based, certificate-based and a combinational approach , 2008, Int. J. Syst. Syst. Eng..

[21]  Jorge Urrutia,et al.  Compass routing on geometric networks , 1999, CCCG.

[22]  András Varga,et al.  An overview of the OMNeT++ simulation environment , 2008, SimuTools.

[23]  P. Bose,et al.  Online routing in geometric graphs , 2001 .

[24]  Yuguang Fang,et al.  Multiconstrained QoS multipath routing in wireless sensor networks , 2008, Wirel. Networks.

[25]  Rudolf Hornig,et al.  An overview of the OMNeT++ simulation environment , 2008, Simutools 2008.