Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings--2003.
暂无分享,去创建一个
J. Cleveland | W. Kohn | A. Collins | J. Harte | K. Eklund | D. M. Malvitz | William G Kohn | Jennifer A Harte | Dolores M Malvitz | Amy S Collins | Jennifer L Cleveland | Kathy J Eklund | Jennifer A. Harte
[1] M. Martín. The significance of the bacterial contamination of dental unit water systems , 1987, British Dental Journal.
[2] M. Ferrari,et al. Disinfection and communication practices: a survey of U.S. dental laboratories. , 2000, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[3] J. Cleveland,et al. Recommended Infection-Control Practices for Dentistry, 1993 , 1994 .
[4] J. Epstein,et al. Assessing viral retention and elimination in rotary dental instruments. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[5] C. Masters,et al. Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study , 1999, The Lancet.
[6] J M Garden,et al. Papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide laser-treated verrucae. , 1988, JAMA.
[7] D. Laskin,et al. The use of sterile versus nonsterile gloves during out-patient exodontia. , 1993, Quintessence international.
[8] H. Balfour,et al. Transmission of hepatitis B virus in clinical laboratory areas. , 1979, Journal of Infectious Diseases.
[9] J. Ojajärvi,et al. Failure of hand disinfection with frequent hand washing: a need for prolonged field studies , 1977, Journal of Hygiene.
[10] C. Kibbler,et al. Assessment of condoms as probe covers for transvaginal sonography , 2000, Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU.
[11] S. Kunachak,et al. Are laryngeal papilloma virus-infected cells viable in the plume derived from a continuous mode carbon dioxide laser, and are they infectious? A preliminary report on one laser mode , 1996, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.
[12] R. Williams,et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in medical and health care personnel. , 1982, British medical journal.
[13] K. Masuko,et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after needlestick accident , 1992, Hepatology.
[14] B. Doebbeling,et al. Removal of nosocomial pathogens from the contaminated glove. Implications for glove reuse and handwashing. , 1988, Annals of internal medicine.
[15] H. N. Williams,et al. Bacterial contamination of the water supply in newly installed dental units. , 1995, Quintessence international.
[16] F. Burke,et al. Assessment of the risk of glove puncture during oral surgery procedures. , 1996, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.
[17] D. Fine,et al. Reduction of viable bacteria in dental aerosols by preprocedural rinsing with an antiseptic mouthrinse. , 1993, American journal of dentistry.
[18] V. Lapomarda,et al. Occupational hand dermatitis in hospital environments , 1995, Contact dermatitis.
[19] T. Franz,et al. Penetration of glutaraldehyde through glove material: Tactylon™ versus natural rubber latex , 1994, Contact dermatitis.
[20] B. Chiang,et al. Latex allergy in hospital employees. , 1997, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi.
[21] A. Theis,et al. Glutaraldehyde permeation: choosing the proper glove. , 1996, American journal of infection control.
[22] X. Baur,et al. Can a threshold limit value for natural rubber latex airborne allergens be defined? , 1998, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[23] D. Korniewicz,et al. Integrity of Vinyl and Latex Procedure Gloves , 1989, Nursing research.
[24] J Collinge,et al. Investigation of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other human prion diseases with tonsil biopsy samples , 1999, The Lancet.
[25] B. Gooch,et al. Occupational Blood Exposures in Dentistry: A Decade in Review , 1997, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[26] Elements of a violence prevention program for healthcare workers. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. , 1997, Journal of healthcare protection management : publication of the International Association for Hospital Security.
[27] G. Friedland,et al. Low occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among dental professionals. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.
[28] J. Zambon,et al. Indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of Bacteroides species in human dental pulp. , 1988, Journal of endodontics.
[29] R. Kalb,et al. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease probably acquired from a cadaveric dura mater graft. Case report. , 1988, Journal of neurosurgery.
[30] J. Barbeau,et al. Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental units , 1996, Applied and environmental microbiology.
[31] S. Wilkinson,et al. The mechanical and microbiological integrity of surgical gloves , 2003, ANZ journal of surgery.
[32] D. Francis,et al. Transmission of hepatitis B by an oral surgeon. , 1982, The Journal of infectious diseases.
[33] S. Rosen,et al. Reduction of microbes in handpieces by flushing before use. , 1982, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[34] J. Slots,et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis and the medically compromised patient. , 1996, Periodontology 2000.
[35] D. Cardo,et al. Transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus from a nursing home patient to a health care worker. , 2003, American journal of infection control.
[36] L M Dzubow,et al. Infectious papillomavirus in the vapor of warts treated with carbon dioxide laser or electrocoagulation: detection and protection. , 1989, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
[37] K. Ostrowska,et al. An outbreak of Serratia marcescens associated with the anesthetic agent propofol. , 2001, American journal of infection control.
[38] A. Clark. Bacterial Colonization of Dental Units and the Nasal Flora of Dental Personnel , 1974, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.
[39] R. Clay,et al. Microbiologic activity in laser resurfacing plume and debris , 1998, Lasers in surgery and medicine.
[40] L. J. Short,et al. Risk of occupational infection with blood-borne pathogens in operating and delivery room settings. , 1993, American journal of infection control.
[41] S. Hadler,et al. Lethal outbreak of hepatitis B in a dental practice. , 1986, JAMA.
[42] Hepatitis B among dental patients--Indiana. , 1985, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.
[43] L R Murphy,et al. Hospital safety climate and its relationship with safe work practices and workplace exposure incidents. , 2000, American journal of infection control.
[44] Kaminski Jc. Cryptosporidium and the public water supply. , 1994 .
[45] J. Crawford,et al. Backflow in low-volume suction lines: the impact of pressure changes. , 1996, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[46] S. Larsen,et al. A multicenter questionnaire investigation of attitudes toward hand hygiene, assessed by the staff in fifteen hospitals in Denmark and Norway. , 1992, American journal of infection control.
[47] M. Favero,et al. SURVIVAL OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AFTER DRYING AND STORAGE FOR ONE WEEK , 1981, The Lancet.
[48] L. Charles,et al. Latex sensitivity among perioperative nurses. , 1994, AORN journal.
[49] P. Lauderdale,et al. Reduction of microbial contamination in dental units with povidone-iodine 10%. , 1986, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[50] J. Evans,et al. Endotoxin exposure-response in a fiberglass manufacturing facility. , 1996, American journal of industrial medicine.
[51] L. W. Hunt,et al. Allergic reactions to latex among health-care workers. , 1992, Mayo Clinic proceedings.
[52] M. Favero,et al. Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control. , 1977, Health laboratory science.
[53] A. Bolger,et al. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: recommendations by the American Heart Association. , 1998, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
[54] M. Monga,et al. Ineffectiveness of Latex Condoms in Preventing Contamination of the Transvaginal Ultrasound Transducer Head , 1997, Southern medical journal.
[55] C. B. Hermesch,et al. Effect of powder-free latex examination glove use on airborne powder levels in a dental school clinic. , 1999, Journal of dental education.
[56] A. Panlilio,et al. Investigations of Patients of Health Care Workers Infected with HIV: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Database , 1995, Annals of Internal Medicine.
[57] P. Dottino,et al. Evaluation of blunt suture needles in preventing percutaneous injuries among health-care workers during gynecologic surgical procedures--New York City, March 1993-June 1994. , 1997, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.
[58] M. El-Masri,et al. A laboratory-based study to assess the performance of surgical gloves. , 2003, AORN journal.
[59] D. Cardo,et al. Percutaneous exposures to HIV-infected blood. Among dental workers enrolled in the CDC Needlestick Study. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[60] D. Snydman,et al. Hemodialysis-associated hepatitis: report of an epidemic with further evidence on mechanisms of transmission. , 1976, American journal of epidemiology.
[61] C. Kauffman,et al. Effect of hand cleansing with antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based gel on microbial colonization of artificial fingernails worn by health care workers. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
[62] M. O'Mahony,et al. Mycobacterium chelonei associated with a hospital hydrotherapy pool. , 1986, Community medicine.
[63] Clair D. Reitz,et al. The setting of vinyl polysiloxane and condensation silicone putties when mixed with gloved hands. , 1988, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[64] S. Samaritani,et al. Contamination of the turbine air chamber: a risk of cross infection. , 1998, Journal of clinical periodontology.
[65] C. Woodley,et al. Infections with Mycobacterium chelonei in patients receiving dialysis and using processed hemodialyzers. , 1985, The Journal of infectious diseases.
[66] L. Bobo,et al. Effects of a protective foam on scrubbing and gloving. , 1993, American journal of infection control.
[67] G. Schuster,et al. Effects of dental medicaments on examination glove permeability. , 1989, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.
[68] U. C. Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States , 2004 .
[69] C. Pankhurst,et al. The efficacy of chlorination and filtration in the control and eradication of Legionella from dental chair water systems. , 1990, The Journal of hospital infection.
[70] B. Shearer,et al. Biofilm and the dental office. , 1996, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[71] K. Turjanmaa,et al. Natural rubber latex hypersensitivity: incidence and prevalence of type I allergy in the dental professional. , 1998, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[72] D. Fine,et al. Efficacy of preprocedural rinsing with an antiseptic in reducing viable bacteria in dental aerosols. , 1992, Journal of periodontology.
[73] G. Bollin,et al. The effect of rings on microbial load of health care workers' hands. , 1997, American journal of infection control.
[74] C. Palenik,et al. Cleaning dental instruments: measuring the effectiveness of an instrument washer/disinfector. , 2000, American journal of dentistry.
[75] C. Papasian,et al. Bacteremia and intraoral suture removal: can an antimicrobial rinse help? , 1998, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[76] A. E. Francis,et al. Aseptic methods in the operating suite. , 1968, Lancet.
[77] C. Kauffman,et al. Pathogenic Organisms Associated with Artificial Fingernails Worn by Healthcare Workers , 2000, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[78] T. Quinn,et al. Occupational risk of hepatitis C infections among general dentists and oral surgeons in North America. , 1996, The American journal of medicine.
[79] S. Hugonnet,et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene , 2000, The Lancet.
[80] M. Albin,et al. Anatomy of a defective barrier: Sequential glove leak detection in a surgical and dental environment , 1992, Critical care medicine.
[81] J. Wands,et al. Hepatitis B transmission by dentists. , 1974, JAMA.
[82] B. Gooch,et al. Risk and prevention of hepatitis C virus infection. Implications for dentistry. , 1999, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[83] James R Honey,et al. Assessing the effectiveness of direct digital radiography barrier sheaths and finger cots. , 2000, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[84] B. Gooch,et al. Percutaneous injuries in dentistry: an observational study. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[85] W R Jarvis,et al. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. , 1999, Infection control and hospital epidemiology.
[86] C. Bartlett,et al. Infections associated with whirlpools and spas. , 1985, Society for Applied Bacteriology symposium series.
[87] J. Mccammon,et al. "Lifeguard lung": endemic granulomatous pneumonitis in an indoor swimming pool. , 1998, American journal of public health.
[88] G. Grady,et al. Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigen-positive inoculations. Use of e antigen to estimate infectivity. , 1982, Annals of internal medicine.
[89] R. Leung,et al. Gypsum casts as a potential source of microbial cross-contamination. , 1983, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.
[90] Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; establishment--CDC. Notice of establishment. , 1991, Federal register.
[91] E. Larson. HAND WASHING: IT'S ESSENTIAL—EVEN WHEN YOU USE GLOVES , 1989, The American journal of nursing.
[92] L. Grohskopf,et al. Serratia liquefaciens bloodstream infections from contamination of epoetin alfa at a hemodialysis center. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.
[93] D Sellu,et al. Subjective effects of double gloves on surgical performance. , 1996, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
[94] A. Bennett,et al. Microbial Biofilm Formation and Contamination of Dental-Unit Water Systems in General Dental Practice , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
[95] D. Maki,et al. Relation of the inanimate hospital environment to endemic nosocomial infection. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.
[96] G. Ippolito,et al. Risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposures in health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infections. , 1995, American journal of infection control.
[97] C Y Ou,et al. Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Dental Practice , 1992 .
[98] A. Dalgleish,et al. Evaluation of hypochlorite-releasing disinfectants against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). , 1990, The Journal of hospital infection.
[99] J. Gerberding,et al. Accidental exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers in dental teaching clinics: a prospective study. , 1997, The Journal of the American Dental Association (1939).
[100] R. Macleod,et al. Allergic reactions to rubber gloves in dental patients: report of three cases , 1992, British Dental Journal.
[101] A. Hofman,et al. A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK , 1996, The Lancet.
[102] J. Fisch,et al. Vaginal ultrasound probe cover leakage: implications for patient care. , 1998, Fertility and sterility.
[103] J. Kabara,et al. Contamination of bar soaps under "in-use" conditions. , 1984, Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer.
[104] J. Kirsner,et al. Viral hepatitis: an occupational hazard to surgeons. , 1973, JAMA.
[105] M. Rotter. Handwashing and hand disinfection , 1999 .
[106] A. Fisher. Allergic contact reactions in health personnel. , 1992, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[107] E. Larson,et al. A Causal Link Between Handwashing and Risk of Infection? Examination of the Evidence , 1988, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[108] Recommended practices for surgical hand scrubs. , 1999, AORN journal.
[109] E. Granieri,et al. Case-control study of risk factors of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Europe during 1993-95 , 1998, The Lancet.
[110] J. White,et al. Dimensional stability of impression materials immersed in an iodophor disinfectant. , 1990, The International journal of prosthodontics.
[111] D. S. Hull,et al. Possible relationship of ethylene oxide exposure to cataract formation. , 1982, American journal of ophthalmology.
[112] E. L. Gershey,et al. Virus penetration of examination gloves. , 1990, BioTechniques.
[113] D. Cardo,et al. A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.
[114] W. Coulter,et al. Disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions: a comparative study. , 1992, The International journal of prosthodontics.
[115] H. Nikawa,et al. Perforation and proteinaceous contamination of dental gloves during prosthodontic treatments. , 1994, The International journal of prosthodontics.
[116] G Verzetti,et al. Transmission of hepatitis C via blood splash into conjunctiva. , 1993, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases.
[117] J. Ojajärvi. The importance of soap selection for routine hand hygiene in hospital , 1981, Journal of Hygiene.
[118] C. Bernoulli. DANGER OF ACCIDENTAL PERSON-TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION OF CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE BY SURGERY , 1977, The Lancet.
[119] D. Heilman,et al. A prospective, controlled study showing that rubber gloves are the major contributor to latex aeroallergen levels in the operating room. , 1996, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[120] D. Passaro,et al. Postoperative Serratia marcescens wound infections traced to an out-of-hospital source. , 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.
[121] S. Mills. The dental unit waterline controversy: defusing the myths, defining the solutions. , 2000, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[122] E. Putnins,et al. Dental unit waterline contamination and its possible implications during periodontal surgery. , 2001, Journal of periodontology.
[123] V. Merchant,et al. Microbial penetration of gloves following usage in routine dental procedures. , 1992, American journal of dentistry.
[124] R. B. Johnson,et al. Effectiveness of ethylene oxide for sterilization of dental handpieces. , 1995, Journal of dentistry.
[125] T. Reunala,et al. Allergens in latex surgical gloves and glove powder , 1990, The Lancet.
[126] G. Ippolito,et al. The Risk of Occupational Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Health Care Workers: Italian Multicenter Study , 1993 .
[127] D. Charlton,et al. Performance of high-speed dental handpieces subjected to simulated clinical use and sterilization. , 1999, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[128] C. Shapiro. Occupational risk of infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus. , 1995, The Surgical clinics of North America.
[129] I. Snyder,et al. Prevalence of Legionella-specific IgG and IgM Antibody in a Dental Clinic Population , 1985, Journal of dental research.
[130] B. Matis,et al. The effect of the use of dental gloves on mixing vinyl polysiloxane putties. , 1997, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.
[131] J. Theilade,et al. Microbial aggregate contamination of water lines in dental equipment and its control. , 2009, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B, Microbiology.
[132] R. T. Plott,et al. Iatrogenic contamination of multidose vials in simulated use. A reassessment of current patient injection technique. , 1990, Archives of dermatology.
[133] R. Haug. Update: provisional Public Health Service recommendations for chemoprophylaxis after occupational exposure to HIV. , 1997, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.
[134] J. Kurtz,et al. The Survival of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Water, Sewage and Sea Water , 1989 .
[135] W. Stamm,et al. Examination gloves as barriers to hand contamination in clinical practice. , 1993, JAMA.
[136] J. P. Brinker,et al. Latex and vinyl examination gloves. Quality control procedures and implications for health care workers. , 1989, Archives of internal medicine.
[137] L. W. Hunt,et al. Quantification of occupational latex aeroallergens in a medical center. , 1994, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[138] J. Verran,et al. Microbiological study of selected risk areas in dental technology laboratories. , 1996, Journal of dentistry.
[139] Jianmin Li,et al. Occupationally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: National Case Surveillance Data During 20 Years of the HIV Epidemic in the United States , 2003, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[140] M. Berkowitz,et al. Occupational Safety and Health , 1979, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
[141] J. Jones,et al. Permeability of latex and vinyl gloves to water and blood. , 1989, American journal of infection control.
[142] D. Allison,et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection associated with a nursing home's whirlpool bath. , 1995, Communicable disease report. CDR review.
[143] D. Commerce. Statistical abstract of the United States , 1978 .
[144] D. Moro,et al. Gadolinium-based MR contrast media: potential for growth of microbial contaminants when single vials are used for multiple patients. , 1995, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.
[145] E. Lowbury,et al. Disinfection of the Hands of Surgeons and Nurses , 1960, British medical journal.
[146] Charles L. Hawley,et al. Assessing microbial contamination in clean water dental units and compliance with disinfection protocol. , 1994, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[147] M. Favero,et al. Microbiologic considerations. Disinfection and sterilization strategies and the potential for airborne transmission of bloodborne pathogens. , 1995, The Surgical clinics of North America.
[148] S. B. Chang,et al. Self-reported percutaneous injuries in dentists: implications for HBV, HIV, transmission risk. , 1992, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[149] M. Struelens,et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia after biliary endoscopy: an outbreak investigation using DNA macrorestriction analysis. , 1993, The American journal of medicine.
[150] I. Punwani,et al. Contamination of dental unit cooling water with oral microorganisms and its prevention. , 1984, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[151] R. Iffland,et al. The permeability of dental procedure and examination gloves by an alcohol based disinfectant. , 2000, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.
[152] D. Francis,et al. Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus , 1981, Seminars in liver disease.
[153] T. Horan,et al. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection. , 2000, Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons.
[154] J. C. Kuehne,et al. Performance and Durability of Autoclavable High-Speed Dental Handpieces, , 1992 .
[155] E. Larson,et al. Composition and density of microflora in the subungual space of the hand , 1988, Journal of clinical microbiology.
[156] P. Hughes,et al. Absence of human papillomavirus DNA in the plume of erbium:YAG laser-treated warts. , 1998, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
[157] B. Simmons. CDC guideline for prevention of surgical wound infections , 1983 .
[158] K. Nash. How infection control procedures are affecting dental practice today. , 1992, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[159] D. W. Hobson,et al. Development and evaluation of a new alcohol-based surgical hand scrub formulation with persistent antimicrobial characteristics and brushless application. , 1998, American journal of infection control.
[160] P. Hoffman,et al. Micro-organisms isolated from skin under wedding rings worn by hospital staff. , 1985, British medical journal.
[161] D. Cardo,et al. A Case-Control Study of HIV Seroconversion in Health Care Workers After Percutaneous Exposure , 1998 .
[162] G. Powell,et al. The presence and identification of organisms transmitted to dental laboratories. , 1990, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.
[163] W. Chee,et al. Interaction of gloves and rubber dam with a poly(vinyl siloxane) impression material: a screening test. , 1989, The International journal of prosthodontics.
[164] A. Bisno,et al. Nonparenteral serum hepatitis. Report of an outbreak. , 1972, JAMA.
[165] J. Faoagali,et al. Comparison of the immediate, residual, and cumulative antibacterial effects of Novaderm R,* Novascrub R,* Betadine Surgical Scrub, Hibiclens, and liquid soap. , 1995, American journal of infection control.
[166] M. Mendelson,et al. Evaluation of a Safety Resheathable Winged Steel Needle for Prevention of Percutaneous Injuries Associated With Intravascular-Access Procedures Among Healthcare Workers , 2003, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[167] R. B. Johnson,et al. The effectiveness of two sterilization methods when different precleaning techniques are employed. , 1999, Journal of dentistry.
[168] K. Kondo,et al. A case control study of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease: Association with physical injuries , 1982, Annals of neurology.
[169] D. Kotelchuck,et al. Occupational exposures to blood in a dental teaching environment: results of a ten-year surveillance study. , 2001, Journal of dental education.
[170] M. E. Villarino. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus; principles of therapy and revised recommendations , 1998 .
[171] W. Trick,et al. Impact of ring wearing on hand contamination and comparison of hand hygiene agents in a hospital. , 2003, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
[172] S. Hojvat,et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type I. Infection among dentists. , 1992, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[173] M. Alter. The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C. , 1997, Clinics in liver disease.
[174] M. Arduino,et al. Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chlorxylenol soap. , 1997, Infection control and hospital epidemiology.
[175] Arrington Me,et al. Multidose vial contamination in anesthesia. , 1990 .
[176] J. Gerberding. Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus among health care personnel at risk for blood exposure: final report from a longitudinal study. , 1994, The Journal of infectious diseases.
[177] C. Hamann,et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in dental professionals: effective diagnosis and treatment. , 2003, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[178] E. Larson,et al. Draft APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings , 1994 .
[179] S. Challacombe,et al. Detecting Legionella pneumophila in water systems: a comparison of various dental units. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[180] J. Pottinger,et al. Bacterial carriage by artificial versus natural nails. , 1989, American journal of infection control.
[181] B. Gooch,et al. Lack of evidence for patient-to-patient transmission of HIV in a dental practice. , 1993, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[182] S. S. Appleton,et al. Cross-contamination potential with dental equipment , 1992, The Lancet.
[183] E. Larson,et al. Effects of nail polish on microbial growth of fingernails. Dispelling sacred cows. , 1993, AORN journal.
[184] R. Sydiskis,et al. Permeability of latex gloves after contact with dental materials. , 1993, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.
[185] Seale Ns,et al. Comparison of two ultrasonic cleaning units for deterioration of cutting edges and debris removal on dental burs. , 1992, Pediatric dentistry.
[186] J. Gani,et al. Efficacy of double versus single gloving in protecting the operating team. , 1990, The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery.
[187] E. Larson,et al. A causal link between handwashing and risk of infection? Examination of the evidence. , 1988, Infection control : IC.
[188] M. Hust,et al. Use of a latex cover sheath for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) instead of regular disinfection of the echoscope? , 1993, Clinical cardiology.
[189] C. Wakefield,et al. Practical infection control in dental laboratories. , 1994, General dentistry.
[190] V. Rooks,et al. Comparison of Probe Sheaths for Endovaginal Sonography , 1996, Obstetrics and gynecology.
[191] P. Arnow,et al. Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease caused by aerosolized tap water from respiratory devices. , 1982, The Journal of infectious diseases.
[192] B. Simmons,et al. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals , 1984, American Journal of Infection Control.
[193] S. Tarlo,et al. Control of airborne latex by use of powder-free latex gloves. , 1994, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[194] S. Gerson,et al. Aspergillosis due to carpet contamination. , 1994, Infection control and hospital epidemiology.
[195] E. Larson,et al. Factors influencing handwashing behavior of patient care personnel. , 1982, American journal of infection control.
[196] L. Otis,et al. Prevalence of perforations in disposable latex gloves during routine dental treatment. , 1989, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[197] J. Gerberding,et al. Risk of exposure of surgical personnel to patients' blood during surgery at San Francisco General Hospital. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.
[198] W. H. Tate,et al. Disinfection of human teeth for educational purposes. , 1991, Journal of dental education.
[199] R. Atlas,et al. Legionella contamination of dental-unit waters , 1995, Applied and environmental microbiology.
[200] R. Fallon,et al. Microbiological investigations into an outbreak of Pontiac fever due to Legionella micdadei associated with use of a whirlpool. , 1990, Journal of clinical pathology.
[201] A. Widmer. Replace hand washing with use of a waterless alcohol hand rub? , 2000, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
[202] R. Wallace,,et al. Sternal wound infections and endocarditis due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. , 1983, Annals of internal medicine.
[203] C. Wynd,et al. Bacterial carriage on the fingernails of OR nurses. , 1994, AORN journal.
[204] L. W. Hunt,et al. An Epidemic of Occupational Allergy to Latex Involving Health Care Workers , 1995, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.
[205] P. Claman,et al. High rates of perforation are found in endovaginal ultrasound probe covers before and after oocyte retrieval forin vitro fertilization-embryo transfer , 1995, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics.
[206] Elaine L. Larson,et al. An Organizational Climate Intervention Associated With Increased Handwashing and Decreased Nosocomial Infections , 2000, Behavioral medicine.
[207] M A Cochran,et al. The efficacy of the rubber dam as a barrier to the spread of microorganisms during dental treatment. , 1989, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[208] A. Butz,et al. Alcohol for Surgical Scrubbing? , 1990, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[209] A F Bolger,et al. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association. , 1997, Circulation.
[210] R. S. Ross,et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from a patient to an anesthesiology assistant to five patients. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.
[211] Martin-Martin Ls,et al. Disinfection and inactivation of the human T lymphotropic virus type III/Lymphadenopathy-associated virus. , 1985 .
[212] W. Szmuness,et al. Hepatitis-B antigen on environmental surfaces. , 1973 .
[213] M. Chamberland,et al. HIV transmission from health care worker to patient: what is the risk? , 1992, Annals of internal medicine.
[214] R. Carp. TRANSMISSION OF SCRAPIE BY ORAL ROUTE EFFECT OF GINGIVAL SCARIFICATION , 1982, The Lancet.
[215] Chris H. Miller,et al. The ability of biological indicators to detect sterilization failures. , 1994, American journal of dentistry.
[216] C. Avery,et al. Glove perforation during surgical extraction of wisdom teeth. , 1998, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.
[217] N. Wilson,et al. The incidence of undiagnosed punctures in non-sterile gloves , 1990, British Dental Journal.
[218] Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). , 1991, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.
[219] I. Phillips,et al. Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species. , 1977, British medical journal.
[220] S. Deitchman,et al. Guideline for infection control in health care personnel , 1998 , 1997 .
[221] J. Garner,et al. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. , 1996, Infection control and hospital epidemiology.
[222] Z T Berky,et al. Latex glove allergy. A survey of the US Army Dental Corps. , 1992, JAMA.
[223] M. Martell,et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by a cardiac surgeon. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.
[224] B. Gooch,et al. TB infection control recommendations from the CDC, 1994: considerations for dentistry. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[225] R. Goodman,et al. Hepatitis B and dental personnel: transmission to patients and prevention issues. , 1983, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[226] D. L. Gravens,et al. Effectiveness of septisol antiseptic foam as a surgical scrub agent. , 1973, Applied microbiology.
[227] J. Margolick,et al. Evaluation of Integrity of Gloves Used in a Flow Cytometry Laboratory , 1997, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[228] M. Bruze,et al. In vivo testing of the protection of gloves against acrylates in dentin‐bondingsystems on patients with known contact allergy to acrylates , 1999, Contact dermatitis.
[229] J. P. Davis,et al. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.
[230] A. Reingold,et al. Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease. Epidemiologic demonstration of cooling towers as a source. , 1985, JAMA.
[231] R. Carmody,et al. Hydrogen peroxide poisoning causing brain infarction: neuroimaging findings. , 1998, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.
[232] G. Duckworth,et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from a surgeon to a patient. The Incident Control Team. , 1999, Communicable disease and public health.
[233] J. Garner. CDC guideline for prevention of surgical wound infections, 1985. Supersedes guideline for prevention of surgical wound infections published in 1982. (Originally published in November 1985). Revised. , 1986, Infection control : IC.
[234] X. Baur,et al. Airborne antigens from latex gloves , 1990, The Lancet.
[235] H. Margolis,et al. Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease , 1998 .
[236] J. Hauw,et al. Prion Protein is Not Detectable in Dental Pulp from Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease , 2000, Journal of dental research.
[237] B. Pentlow,et al. Double gloving and surgical technique. , 1993, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
[238] B. Gooch,et al. Hepatitis B vaccination and infection among U.S. dentists, 1983-1992 . , 1996, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[239] M. Martín,et al. Rings and watches: should they be removed prior to operative dental procedures? , 1996, Journal of dentistry.
[240] J. Tokars,et al. Use of the Hepatitis-B Vaccine and Infection with Hepatitis B and C among Orthopaedic Surgeons* , 1996, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.
[241] G. Mcleod,et al. Candida osteomyelitis and diskitis after spinal surgery: an outbreak that implicates artificial nail use. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
[242] David Satcher,et al. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities, 1994. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. , 1994, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.
[243] J. Field,et al. A physical and microbiological evaluation of the re-use of non-sterile gloves , 1988, British Dental Journal.
[244] D. V. Bradley,et al. Bacteriological analysis of high-speed handpiece turbines. , 1993, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[245] T. Gross,et al. Health effects associated with medical glove use. , 2002, AORN journal.
[246] C. Gibbs,et al. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.
[247] M. Walker,et al. Fatal pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum. , 1993, Journal of clinical pathology.
[248] B. Worthington-Roberts. The role of nutrition in pregnancy course and outcome. , 1984, Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer.
[249] R. Good,et al. Nosocomial Mycobacterium fortuitum colonization from a contaminated ice machine. , 1988, The American review of respiratory disease.
[250] R. Haug. Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers. An overview , 1998 .
[251] A. Panlilio,et al. Serosurvey of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infection among hospital-based surgeons. Serosurvey Study Group. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.
[252] Bobby Milstein,et al. Framework for program evaluation in public health , 1999 .
[253] H. Margolis,et al. Hepatitis C virus transmission from an anesthesiologist to a patient. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.
[254] M. Exner,et al. Dental units: an environmental study of sources of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. , 1995, Tubercle and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
[255] B. Cooper,et al. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in High-Risk Hospital Personnel , 1992, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[256] B. Lanphear,et al. Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Healthcare Workers: Risk of Exposure and Infection , 1994, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[257] F. Reinthaler,et al. Serological Examinations for Antibodies against Legionella Species in Dental Personnel , 1988, Journal of dental research.
[258] R. Sydiskis,et al. Impression materials and virus. , 1991, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[259] R. Jacobs,et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Cladosporium in an enclosed hot-tub area. , 1986, Annals of internal medicine.
[260] D. Davies,et al. INTRAORAL AND PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS FOLLOWING DENTAL TREATMENT , 1982, The Lancet.
[261] Petersen Nj,et al. Viral hepatitis B: aspects of environmental control. , 1977, Health laboratory science.
[262] G. Mallison,et al. MISCELLANEOUS: Handwashing practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections , 1975 .
[263] P. Kelkar,et al. Management of occupational allergy to natural rubber latex in a medical center: the importance of quantitative latex allergen measurement and objective follow-up. , 2002, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[264] I. B. McKinley,et al. Hazards of laser smoke during endodontic therapy. , 1994, Journal of endodontics.
[265] P. Williamson,et al. Presence of human immunodeficiency virus DNA in laser smoke , 1991, Lasers in surgery and medicine.
[266] D. Morgan,et al. Permeability studies on protective gloves used in dental practice , 1989, British Dental Journal.
[267] L. Nicolle,et al. Nosocomial infections on nursing units with floors cleaned with a disinfectant compared with detergent. , 1987, The Journal of hospital infection.
[268] S. Hadler,et al. An outbreak of hepatitis B in a dental practice. , 1981, Annals of internal medicine.
[269] M. Andrés,et al. Reliability of biologic indicators in a mail-return sterilization-monitoring service: a review of 3 years. , 1995, Quintessence international.
[270] J. R. Barker,et al. The effect of steam sterilization on the physical properties and perceived cutting characteristics of extracted teeth. , 1998, Journal of dental education.
[271] R. Kolstad. How well does the Chemiclave sterilize handpieces? , 1998, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[272] L. Cheung,et al. An evaluation of complications following dental extractions using either sterile or clean gloves. , 2001, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
[273] J. Thiele,et al. Handwashing: ring-wearing and number of microorganisms. , 1985, Nursing research.
[274] S. Hadler,et al. Delta hepatitis: molecular biology and clinical and epidemiological features , 1993, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.
[275] P. Lockhart. An analysis of bacteremias during dental extractions. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of chlorhexidine. , 1996, Archives of internal medicine.
[276] Andrew F. Hill,et al. Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of 'new variant' CJD , 1996, Nature.
[277] M. Primeau,et al. Natural rubber pharmaceutical vial closures release latex allergens that produce skin reactions. , 2001, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[278] A. Devoe,et al. Letter: Possible person-to-person transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. , 1974, The New England journal of medicine.
[279] D. L. Lewis,et al. Cross-infection risks associated with current procedures for using high-speed dental handpieces , 1992, Journal of clinical microbiology.
[280] J. Barbeau,et al. Cross-contamination potential of saliva ejectors used in dentistry. , 1998, The Journal of hospital infection.
[281] S. Cousens,et al. Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘new variant’ CJD is caused by the BSE agent , 1997, Nature.
[282] D. Logothetis,et al. Reducing bacterial aerosol contamination with a chlorhexidine gluconate pre-rinse. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[283] J. Pyrek,et al. Evaluation of a waterless, scrubless chlorhexidine gluconate/ethanol surgical scrub for antimicrobial efficacy. , 2001, American journal of infection control.
[284] E. Larson,et al. APIC Guideline for Hand Washing and Hand Antisepsis in Health-Care Settings * , 1998 .
[285] T. Plamondon,et al. The influence of dental unit design on percutaneous injury. , 1998, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[286] R. D. McCormick,et al. Double-blind, randomized trial of scheduled use of a novel barrier cream and an oil-containing lotion for protecting the hands of health care workers. , 2000, American journal of infection control.
[287] R. Breiman,et al. Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease. Possible role of amoebae. , 1990, JAMA.
[288] B. Farber,et al. Skin and mucous membrane contacts with blood during surgical procedures: risk and prevention. , 1995, Infection control and hospital epidemiology.
[289] F. Pisani,et al. Transmission of the 263K scrapie strain by the dental route. , 1999, The Journal of general virology.
[290] D. Rimland,et al. Hepatitis B outbreak traced to an oral surgeon. , 1977, The New England journal of medicine.
[291] J. Gerberding,et al. Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis. , 2001, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.
[292] W. Rutala,et al. Patient Injury From Flash-Sterilized Instruments , 1999, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[293] P. Elsner,et al. Efficacy of a barrier cream and its vehicle as protective measures against occupational irritant contact dermatitis , 2000, Contact dermatitis.
[294] C. Hennekens. Hemodialysis-associated hepatitis. An outbreak among hospital personnel. , 1973, JAMA.
[295] J. Leyden,et al. Physiologic and Microbiologic Changes in Skin Related to Frequent Handwashing , 1986, Infection Control.
[296] R. Whitehouse,et al. Possibility of cross-contamination between dental patients by means of the saliva ejector. , 1993, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[297] C. Barr,et al. Efficacy of double gloving to prevent inner glove perforation during outpatient oral surgical procedures. , 1994, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[298] R. E. Micik,et al. Efficacy of Self-Administered Preoperative Oral Hygiene Procedures in Reducing the Concentration of Bacteria in Aerosols Generated During Dental Procedures , 1971, Journal of dental research.
[299] G P Samsa,et al. Management of infectious waste by US hospitals. , 1989, JAMA.
[300] A. Suzuki,et al. Bacterial contamination of floors and other surfaces in operating rooms: a five-year survey , 1984, Journal of Hygiene.
[301] A. Weinberg,et al. Do intact viral particles survive excimer laser ablation? , 1997, Archives of ophthalmology.
[302] C. Miaw,et al. Percutaneous injuries in practicing dentists. A prospective study using a 20-day diary. , 1995, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[303] L. Herwaldt,et al. Exposure workups. , 1997, Infection control and hospital epidemiology.
[304] R. Goodman,et al. Hepatitis B transmission from dental personnel to patients: unfinished business. , 1982, Annals of internal medicine.
[305] D. Addis. Assessing the public health threat associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis : report of a workshop , 1995 .
[306] M. Lindberg,et al. Permeation and destructive effects of disinfectants on protective gloves , 1990, Contact dermatitis.
[307] L. Hutwagner,et al. A Prolonged Outbreak of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Did Staff Fingernails Play a Role in Disease Transmission? , 2000, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[308] S. Tarlo,et al. Changes in rates of natural rubber latex sensitivity among dental school students and staff members after changes in latex gloves. , 2002, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[309] C. Murray,et al. An assessment of the incidence of punctures in latex and non-latex dental examination gloves in routine clinical practice , 2001, British Dental Journal.
[310] D. M. Rubin. Prosthetic Fingernails in the OR , 1988 .
[311] B. Gooch,et al. Occupational blood exposure and HIV infection among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. , 1998, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.
[312] P. Brown,et al. Human spongiform encephalopathy: The national institutes of health series of 300 cases of experimentally transmitted disease , 1994, Annals of neurology.
[313] X. Baur,et al. Reduction of latex aeroallergens and latex-specific IgE antibodies in sensitized workers after removal of powdered natural rubber latex gloves in a hospital. , 1998, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[314] Microscopic evaluation of three endodontic files pre- and postinstrumentation. , 1998 .
[315] E. Larson,et al. Changes in bacterial flora associated with skin damage on hands of health care personnel. , 1998, American journal of infection control.
[316] R. Maloney,et al. Lack of virus transmission by the excimer laser plume. , 1997, American journal of ophthalmology.
[317] J. Silvaggio,et al. Effect of heat sterilization on the torsional properties of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files. , 1997, Journal of endodontics.
[318] D. Maki,et al. Flash Sterilization: Carefully Measured Haste , 1987, Infection Control.
[319] M. Alter,et al. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among health care personnel in a community hospital. , 1993, American journal of infection control.
[320] T. Reunala,et al. Long-term outcome of 160 adult patients with natural rubber latex allergy. , 2002, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[321] C. Mackenzie,et al. Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: prevalence, intensity and microbiological characteristics. , 1993, Journal of the American Dental Association.
[322] L. Saiman,et al. Endemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.
[323] D. Gaber,et al. Glove resistance to permeation by a 7.5% hydrogen peroxide sterilizing and disinfecting solution. , 1999, American journal of infection control.
[324] H. Murata,et al. Perforation of dental gloves during prosthodontic treatments as assessed by the conductivity and water inflation tests. , 1996, The International journal of prosthodontics.
[325] Jerome I. Tokars,et al. Recommendations for preventing transmission of infections among chronic hemodialysis patients , 2001 .
[326] L. Spångberg,et al. The endodontic file is a disposable instrument. , 1995, Journal of endodontics.
[327] V. Greene. Microbiological contamination control in hospitals. 1. Perspectives. , 1969, Hospitals.
[328] C. Palenik. Managing regulated waste in dental environments. , 2003, The journal of contemporary dental practice.
[329] Garner Js,et al. CDC Guideline for Handwashing and Hospital Environmental Control, 1985 , 1986, Infection Control.
[330] A. Warren,et al. Latex gloves use and symptoms in health care workers 1 year after implementation of a policy restricting the use of powdered gloves. , 2000, American journal of infection control.
[331] Jane DeGroot-Kosolcheroert,et al. Permeability of latex and vinyl gloves to water and blood. , 1989 .
[332] P. Brown,et al. Potential epidemic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from human growth hormone therapy. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.
[333] A. M. Peacock,et al. Surgical glove perforation , 1988, The British journal of surgery.
[334] L. G. Upton. Percutaneous injuries during oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures , 1997 .
[335] W. Rutala,et al. Clinical Effectiveness of Low-Temperature Sterilization Technologies , 1998, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.
[336] D. M. Rubin. Prosthetic fingernails in the OR. A research study. , 1988, AORN journal.
[337] D. Mayworm. Sterile shelf life and expiration dating. , 1984, Journal of hospital supply, processing, and distribution.
[338] J. Phair,et al. Hospital carpeting and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile. , 1994, American journal of infection control.
[339] A. Kramer,et al. The Integrity of Latex Gloves in Clinical Dental Practice , 2000, Infection.