Image realization: physical anatomical models from scan data

CT/MR scan data presentation (layer by layer) strongly resembles the slice data format used to drive the new manufacturing paradigm of rapid prototyping (RP). Encouraged by the similarity, computer translators were developed to convert the CT/MR data from their virtual reality into a format whereby RP could be used to produce anatomically accurate physical models ('Real Virtuality'). The precision of RP technology is driving the refinement of the algorithms for locating surfaces and features from the CT/MR data. The RP models have been found to have particular value in many applications, such as diagnostics, treatment planning, procedure practice/simulation, and consultation. Inaccuracies in the RP models result from the limited resolution of the CT/MR data and limitations with current data interpretation algorithms. This paper will illustrate current applications for these physical medical images and research efforts into generating more accurate surface data.