METAL TUBES AS IMPACT ENERGY ABSORBERS

Recent work concerned with the plastic crushing of metal tubes is reviewed. The three basic modes of collapse, lateral compression, axial compression and transverse loading of tubular beams are examined. Significant contributions have been made since these were reviewed by Johnson and Reid (1978). Attention is then focused on to the behaviour of filled tubes under axial compression and transverse bending as examples of interactive modes. As the tube crushes, the filling is compressed and reacts against the tube wall tending to produce a greater stretching contribution which in turn leads to higher mean crushing loads. This technique for improving the energy absorbing capacity of tubes can lead to tensile failure or column buckling which reduce the effective stroke of the device. Tube splitting and the tubular ring energy absorber are then considered as examples in which the interaction is between different types of deformation fields (bending and fracture or bending and membrane deformation) within the tube wall.

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