Modulated release of dexamethasone from chitosan-carbon nanotube films

Abstract Modulated release of dexamethasone (DEX) by electrical stimulation was investigated using chitosan (CHIT) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) host carrier films. Drug-loaded CHIT/SWNT composite films were solution-cast on carbon paper substrates. Unstimulated and stimulated release of DEX in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at pH 7.4 was measured by UV–visible spectroscopy. For experiments involving electrical stimulation, the effects of voltage amplitude, electrode polarity, and SWNT content were investigated. Accelerated and complete DEX release was observed upon potentiostatic application of a negative potential (−0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl) to the composite film, which was attributed to the electrostatic repulsions of SWNTs and DEX during charging. It was also found that the DEX release can be slowed down during passive release (unstimulated) through the addition of SWNTs. Further control can be achieved upon application of a positive potential (+0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in which the release rate was slower than in the passive case.

[1]  Mary Anne Koda-Kimble,et al.  Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs , 1992 .

[2]  Xiguang Chen,et al.  Protonation constants of chitosan with different molecular weight and degree of deacetylation , 2006 .

[3]  K. Kontturi,et al.  Ion-exchange fibers and drugs: a novel device for the screening of iontophoretic systems. , 2004, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[4]  Geoffrey M. Spinks,et al.  DNA‐Wrapped Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Fibers for supercapacitors and Artificial Muscles , 2008 .

[5]  S. Venkatraman,et al.  Skin adhesives and skin adhesion. 1. Transdermal drug delivery systems. , 1998, Biomaterials.

[6]  S. Ramanathan,et al.  The use of chitosan gels as matrices for electrically-modulated drug delivery. , 2001, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[7]  L. M. Lira,et al.  Conducting polymer–hydrogel composites for electrochemical release devices: Synthesis and characterization of semi-interpenetrating polyaniline–polyacrylamide networks , 2005 .

[8]  N. Peppas,et al.  pH-sensitive membranes from poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating networks , 1995 .

[9]  O. Wichterle,et al.  Hydrophilic Gels for Biological Use , 1960, Nature.

[10]  S. Murdan Electro-responsive drug delivery from hydrogels. , 2003, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[11]  A. Domb,et al.  Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[12]  Ray H. Baughman,et al.  Electrochemical Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Electrodes , 2003 .

[13]  Bai Xu,et al.  Controlled transdermal delivery of model drug compounds by MEMS microneedle array. , 2005, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[14]  M. Abidian,et al.  Conducting‐Polymer Nanotubes for Controlled Drug Release , 2006, Advanced materials.

[15]  G. Wallace,et al.  Carbon‐Nanotube Biofibers , 2007 .

[16]  S. Iijima Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon , 1991, Nature.

[17]  Y. Chien,et al.  Transdermal iontophoretic permeation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone: Characterization of electric parameters , 1996 .

[18]  Jing‐Juan Xu,et al.  Electrochemically deposited nanocomposite of chitosan and carbon nanotubes for biosensor application. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[19]  V. D. Williams,et al.  A method for testing denture adhesives. , 1991, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[20]  G. Wallace,et al.  Carbon Nanotube Biofiber Formation in a Polymer‐Free Coagulation Bath , 2008 .

[21]  Maogen Zhang,et al.  Carbon nanotube-chitosan system for electrochemical sensing based on dehydrogenase enzymes. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  R Langer,et al.  New methods of drug delivery. , 1990, Science.

[23]  J. W. Whittaker,et al.  The use of single walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a chitosan matrix for preparation of a galactose biosensor. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[24]  J. San Román,et al.  Starch-based biodegradable hydrogels with potential biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[25]  G. A. Hofmann,et al.  Electrically-assisted transdermal delivery of buprenorphine. , 2001, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[26]  R. Guy,et al.  Transdermal iontophoresis for controlled drug delivery and non-invasive monitoring , 2001 .

[27]  K. Edwards,et al.  A New Double-Responsive Block Copolymer Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) , 2004 .

[28]  Toyoichi Tanaka,et al.  Collapse of Gels in an Electric Field , 1982, Science.

[29]  Préat,et al.  In vivo efficacy and safety of skin electroporation. , 1999, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[30]  Y. Bae,et al.  Electrically credible polymer gel for controlled release of drugs , 1991, Nature.

[31]  Electrically controlled release of macromolecules from cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels , 1995 .

[32]  M. Prato,et al.  Applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. , 2005, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[33]  Teruo Okano,et al.  Pulsatile drug release control using hydrogels. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[34]  Anuvat Sirivat,et al.  Electrically controlled release of sulfosalicylic acid from crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[35]  Woong Kim,et al.  Release characteristics of quinupramine from the ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix. , 2006, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[36]  Esther Eljarrat-Binstock,et al.  Iontophoresis: a non-invasive ocular drug delivery. , 2006, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[37]  Nicholas A. Peppas,et al.  Dynamic swelling behavior of pH-sensitive anionic hydrogels used for protein delivery , 2003 .

[38]  Kinam Park,et al.  Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery , 2001 .

[39]  Y. Kalia,et al.  Iontophoresis: electrorepulsion and electroosmosis. , 2000, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[40]  En-Tang Kang,et al.  pH- and temperature-responsive hydrogels from crosslinked triblock copolymers prepared via consecutive atom transfer radical polymerizations. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[41]  Jun Gao,et al.  Controlled drug release from hydrogel nanoparticle networks. , 2004, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[42]  A. Domb,et al.  Transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis of dexamethasone phosphate using drug loaded hydrogel. , 2005, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.