Characterization of glycogen-deficient glc mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Forty-eight mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defects in glycogen metabolism were isolated. The mutations defined eight GLC genes, the function of which were determined. Mutations in three of these genes activate the RAS/cAMP pathway either by impairment of a RAS GTPase-activating protein (GLC1/IRA1 and GLC4/IRA2) or by activating Ras2p (GLC5/RAS2). SNF1 protein kinase (GLC2) was found to be required for normal glycogen levels. Glycogen branching enzyme (GLC3) was found to be required for significant glycogen synthesis. GLC6 was shown to be allelic to CIF1 (and probably FDP1, BYP1 and GGS1), mutations in which were previously found to prevent growth on glucose; this gene is also the same as TPS1, which encodes a subunit of the trehalose-phosphate synthase. Mutations in GLC6 were capable of increasing or decreasing glycogen levels, at least in part via effects on the regulation of glycogen synthase. GLC7 encodes a type 1 protein phosphatase that contributes to the dephosphorylation (and hence activation) of glycogen synthase. GLC8 encodes a homologue of type 1 protein phosphatase inhibitor-2. The genetic map positions of GLC1/IRA1, GLC3, GLC4/IRA2, GLC6/CIF1/TPS1 (and the adjacent VAT2/VMA2), and GLC7 were clarified. From the data on GLC3, there may be a suppression of recombination near the chromosome V centromere, at least in some strains.

[1]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[2]  M. Olson,et al.  Physical maps of the six smallest chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a resolution of 2.6 kilobase pairs. , 1993, Genetics.

[3]  P. van der Zee,et al.  Characterization of the 56-kDa subunit of yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and cloning of its gene reveal its identity with the product of CIF1, a regulator of carbon catabolite inactivation. , 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

[4]  S. Ball,et al.  Coordinate regulation of glycogen metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Induction of glycogen branching enzyme. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[5]  K. Huse,et al.  Glucose-induced regulatory defects in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae byp1 growth initiation mutant and identification of MIG1 as a partial suppressor , 1992, Journal of bacteriology.

[6]  A. Wittinghofer,et al.  Mutational and kinetic analyses of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-p21 interaction: the C-terminal domain of GAP is not sufficient for full activity , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[7]  H. Feldmann,et al.  Molecular cloning of CIF1, a yeast gene necessary for growth on glucose , 1992, Yeast.

[8]  F. Tamanoi,et al.  A dominant activating mutation in the effector region of RAS abolishes IRA2 sensitivity , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[9]  R. Trumbly,et al.  The yeast GLC7 gene required for glycogen accumulation encodes a type 1 protein phosphatase. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  J. François,et al.  Deletion of SNF1 affects the nutrient response of yeast and resembles mutations which activate the adenylate cyclase pathway. , 1991, Genetics.

[11]  P. Cohen,et al.  The discovery of glycogenin and the priming mechanism for glycogen biogenesis. , 1991, European journal of biochemistry.

[12]  M. Goebl,et al.  Two glycogen synthase isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are coded by distinct genes that are differentially controlled. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[13]  P. Roach,et al.  Multisite and hierarchal protein phosphorylation. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[14]  F. Zimmermann,et al.  A yeast homologue of the bovine lens fibre MIP gene family complements the growth defect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant on fermentable sugars but not its defect in glucose‐induced RAS‐mediated cAMP signalling. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[15]  J. Thevelein.  Fermentable sugars and intracellular acidification as specific activators of the RAS‐adenylate cyclase signalling pathway in yeast: the relationship to nutrient‐induced cell cycle control , 1991, Molecular microbiology.

[16]  J. Pringle,et al.  Use of a screen for synthetic lethal and multicopy suppressee mutants to identify two new genes involved in morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

[17]  A. Depaoli-Roach,et al.  Isolation of the GSY1 gene encoding yeast glycogen synthase and evidence for the existence of a second gene. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[18]  K. Matsumoto,et al.  IRA2, a second gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein with a domain homologous to mammalian ras GTPase-activating protein. , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[19]  J. Lisziewicz,et al.  Transcriptional regulatory elements of the RAS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1990, Nucleic acids research.

[20]  P. Kane,et al.  Role of vacuolar acidification in protein sorting and zymogen activation: a genetic analysis of the yeast vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[21]  M. Nakafuku,et al.  S. cerevisiae genes IRA1 and IRA2 encode proteins that may be functionally equivalent to mammalian ras GTPase activating protein , 1990, Cell.

[22]  F. Winston,et al.  SPT15, the gene encoding the yeast TATA binding factor TFIID, is required for normal transcription initiation in vivo , 1989, Cell.

[23]  T. Toda,et al.  The fission yeast dis2 + gene required for chromosome disjoining encodes one of two putative type 1 protein phosphatases , 1989, Cell.

[24]  M. Marshall,et al.  The ras oncogene--an important regulatory element in lower eucaryotic organisms , 1989, Microbiological reviews.

[25]  R. Fletterick,et al.  Molecular analysis of GPH1, the gene encoding glycogen phosphorylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[26]  K. Matsumoto,et al.  IRA1, an inhibitory regulator of the RAS-cyclic AMP pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[27]  N. Nelson,et al.  A conserved gene encoding the 57-kDa subunit of the yeast vacuolar H+-ATPase. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[28]  J. François,et al.  The control of glycogen metabolism in yeast. 1. Interconversion in vivo of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase induced by glucose, a nitrogen source or uncouplers. , 1988, European journal of biochemistry.

[29]  J. François,et al.  The control of glycogen metabolism in yeast , 1988 .

[30]  D. Lipman,et al.  Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  K. Tatchell,et al.  Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes encoding subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase , 1987, Molecular and cellular biology.

[32]  M. Wigler,et al.  Guanine nucleotide activation of, and competition between, RAS proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1987, Molecular and cellular biology.

[33]  L. C. Robinson,et al.  CDC25: a component of the RAS-adenylate cyclase pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1987, Science.

[34]  Robert J. Fletterick,et al.  Convergent and divergent evolution of regulatory sites in eukaryotic phosphorylases , 1986, Nature.

[35]  M. Carlson,et al.  A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase. , 1986, Science.

[36]  P. Cohen,et al.  The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation. Primary structure of inhibitor-2 from rabbit skeletal muscle. , 1986, European journal of biochemistry.

[37]  Kunihiro Matsumoto,et al.  Genetic analysis of the role of cAMP in yeast , 1985, Yeast.

[38]  Kunihiro Matsumoto,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a phosphoprotein phosphatase‐deficient mutant in yeast , 1985, Yeast.

[39]  T. Egelhoff,et al.  Nucleotide sequence of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 nodulation genes: nodD is read divergently from nodABC. , 1985, DNA.

[40]  M. Wigler,et al.  In yeast, RAS proteins are controlling elements of adenylate cyclase , 1985, Cell.

[41]  M. Wigler,et al.  Analysis of the transforming potential of the human H-ras gene by random mutagenesis. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[42]  M. Wigler,et al.  Genes in S. cerevisiae encoding proteins with domains homologous to the mammalian ras proteins , 1984, Cell.

[43]  J. Devereux,et al.  A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX , 1984, Nucleic Acids Res..

[44]  M. Carlson,et al.  Cloning and genetic mapping of SNF1, a gene required for expression of glucose-repressible genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1984, Molecular and cellular biology.

[45]  G. Fink,et al.  Positive regulation in the general amino acid control of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[46]  J. Szostak,et al.  Yeast recombination: the association between double-strand gap repair and crossing-over. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[47]  K. Murata,et al.  Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations , 1983 .

[48]  J. Vieira,et al.  The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. , 1982, Gene.

[49]  D. Fraenkel,et al.  Saccharomyces carlsbergensis fdp mutant and futile cycling of fructose 6-phosphate , 1982, Molecular and cellular biology.

[50]  D. Botstein,et al.  Mutants of yeast defective in sucrose utilization. , 1981, Genetics.

[51]  R. Mortimer,et al.  Genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1980, Microbiological reviews.

[52]  S. H. Lillie,et al.  Reserve carbohydrate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: responses to nutrient limitation , 1980, Journal of bacteriology.

[53]  J. Gancedo,et al.  Turnover of yeast fructose-bisphosphatase in different metabolic conditions. , 1980, European journal of biochemistry.

[54]  D. Botstein,et al.  Sterile host yeasts (SHY): a eukaryotic system of biological containment for recombinant DNA experiments. , 1979, Gene.

[55]  R. Shulman,et al.  Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of wild-type and glycolytic pathway mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1979, Biochemistry.

[56]  F. Sanger,et al.  DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  J. Pringle,et al.  Transient G1 arrest of S. cerevisiae cells of mating type alpha by a factor produced by cells of mating type a. , 1974, Experimental cell research.

[58]  K. W. van de Poll,et al.  Isolation of a Regulatory Mutant of Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis , 1974, Journal of bacteriology.

[59]  K. Huang,et al.  Yeast glycogen synthetase in the glucose 6-phosphate independent form: a case of cold lability without major changes in molecular size. , 1973, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[60]  L. D. Nielsen,et al.  Purification and properties of yeast glycogen phosphorylase a and b. , 1971, Biochemistry.

[61]  E. Cabib,et al.  Two forms of yeast glycogen synthetase and their role in glycogen accumulation. , 1970, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[62]  V. Chester.  Heritable glycogen-storage deficiency in yeast and its induction by ultra-violet light. , 1968, Journal of general microbiology.

[63]  L. Hartwell,et al.  Macromolecule Synthesis in Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Yeast , 1967, Journal of bacteriology.

[64]  M. Carlson,et al.  Relationship of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway to the SNF1 protein kinase and invertase expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1992, Genetics.

[65]  Y. Kassir,et al.  Monitoring meiosis and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[66]  R. Sikorski,et al.  In vitro mutagenesis and plasmid shuffling: from cloned gene to mutant yeast. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[67]  A. Nairn,et al.  Protein phosphatases: recent progress. , 1991, Advances in second messenger and phosphoprotein research.

[68]  M. Rose.  Isolation of genes by complementation in yeast. , 1987, Methods in enzymology.

[69]  P. Roach.  12 Liver Glycogen Synthase , 1986 .

[70]  P. Cohen.  11 Muscle Glycogen Synthase , 1986 .

[71]  J. Pringle,et al.  Methods for monitoring the growth of yeast cultures and for dealing with the clumping problem. , 1975, Methods in cell biology.