Few-nanometer-wide carbon toroids in the hydrocarbon films deposited in tokamak T-10

Abstract Measurements of X-ray scattering by the hydrocarbon films, deposited in tokamak T-10, in the range of scattering wave vector’s modulus q ∼ 5 ÷ 70 nm - 1 are interpreted via solving an optimization problem within a broad class of carbon nanostructures (tubules, fullerenes and bigger spheres, ellipsoids, toroids, half-fragments of all these structures, flat flakes, etc.), with allowance for amorphous hydrocarbon component and heavy impurities. It is shown that (i) wide peaks at q ∼ 10 , 30 and 55 nm - 1 may be caused by the nanostructures formed by the curved single-layer graphene, (ii) respective most probable candidates are 2–3 nm wide, low-aspect-ratio toroids.

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