Preliminary Results of Multichannel SAR-GMTI Experiments for Airborne Quad-Pol Radar System

Much research from open literature shows that polarization diversity can provide another dimension which may be exploited to improve the performance in ground moving target indication (GMTI), compared with space–time adaptive processing (STAP). In this article, we report the multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based GMTI (SAR-GMTI) experiment and its preliminary results with a N-SAR system which is an airborne quadrature-polarimetric (quad-pol) radar system. First, the joint polarization-space adaptive processing (JPolSAP) is performed in the image level, but two suboptimal versions of JPolSAP, where the polarimetric matched filter (PMF) vector and the full-one vector are exploited to substitute for the polarimetric steering vector, respectively, are evaluated since the polarimetric steering vector of the moving target is unknown precisely in practical applications. Then, considering the computational complexity and lack of secondary data in a inhomogeneous environment due to high degrees of freedom of the JPolSAP processor, two cascade processors are evaluated, including the polarization enhancement that uses PMF and noncoherence integration detection (NCID) technique. Furthermore, we utilize the polarization information to accomplish SAR terrain classification, and subsequently secondary data from the same scattering type clutter can be obtained for clutter suppression under the guidance of polarization classification results as a priori knowledge. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that: 1) the suboptimal JPolSAP processor with PMF steering vector can effectively enhance GMTI performance about 13 dB (or even up to 5 dB) relative to the worst (or best) single-polarization (S-pol) processor case and has the best robustness compared with the one with full-one steering vector; 2) polarization enhancement using PMF also obtains a good output gain of polarization filter, especially for quad-pol enhancement, which gains up to 2–3 dB with respect to the best output of S-pol processor, and the NCID technique can obtain good performance of moving-target detection; and 3) under the guidance of polarization classification results, the capability of clutter suppression can improve even up to 15 dB with respect to the one without classification.