Nothing But a Kiss: A Novel and Accurate Approach to Assessing the Performance of Multidimensional Distortion-Compensated Dither Modulation

A considerable amount of attention has been lately paid to a number of data hiding methods based on quantization, seeking to achieve in practice the results predicted by Costa for a channel with side information at the encoder. In this paper we analyze a multidimensional extension of the implementation of Costa's result known as DC-QIM. The presented analysis is based on measuring the probabilities of decoding error in the presence of two important kinds of additive channel distortions. DC-QIM is able to achieve a probability of decoding error of less than le-02 for 0 dB of watermark to noise ratio and only 20 samples per hidden bit. Empirical results supporting our analysis are given both for synthetic data and real images.

[1]  Max H. M. Costa,et al.  Writing on dirty paper , 1983, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[2]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Quantization index modulation: A class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding , 2001, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[3]  Pierre Moulin,et al.  The Data-Hiding Capacity of Image Sources , 2000 .

[4]  F. Pérez-González,et al.  Coding and Synchronization: A Boost and a Bottleneck for the Development of Image Watermarking , 2000 .

[5]  Hugh Brunk Quantizer characteristics important for quantization index modulation , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[6]  A. Huitson,et al.  Statistical Models in Applied Science. , 1976 .

[7]  Fernando Pérez-González,et al.  DCT-domain watermarking techniques for still images: detector performance analysis and a new structure , 2000, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[8]  B. S. Manjunath,et al.  Color image embedding using multidimensional lattice structures , 1998, Proceedings 1998 International Conference on Image Processing. ICIP98 (Cat. No.98CB36269).

[9]  Norman C. Beaulieu,et al.  Analysis of equal gain diversity on Nakagami fading channels , 1991, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[10]  Pierre Moulin,et al.  A framework for evaluating the data-hiding capacity of image sources , 2002, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[11]  Fernando Pérez-González,et al.  Performance analysis of existing and new methods for data hiding with known-host information in additive channels , 2003, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[12]  B. Girod,et al.  A blind watermarking scheme based on structured codebooks , 2000 .

[13]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Provably robust digital watermarking , 1999, Optics East.

[14]  Joseph A. O'Sullivan,et al.  Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding , 2003, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[15]  B. S. Manjunath,et al.  A robust data hiding technique using multidimensional lattices , 1998, Proceedings IEEE International Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries -ADL'98-.

[16]  W. Fischer,et al.  Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups , 1990 .

[17]  Edward J. Delp,et al.  Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video , 1999, Electronic Imaging.

[18]  Thierry Pun,et al.  Generalized watermarking attack based on watermark estimation and perceptual remodulation , 2000, Electronic Imaging.

[19]  Thierry Pun,et al.  A Stochastic Approach to Content Adaptive Digital Image Watermarking , 1999, Information Hiding.

[20]  Norman C. Beaulieu,et al.  An infinite series for the computation of the complementary probability distribution function of a sum of independent random variables and its application to the sum of Rayleigh random variables , 1990, IEEE Trans. Commun..