Event Detection Through Differential Pattern Mining in Cyber-Physical Systems

Extracting knowledge from sensor data for various purposes has received a great deal of attention by the data mining community. For the purpose of event detection in cyber-physical systems (CPS), e.g., damage in building or aerospace vehicles from the continuous arriving data is challenging due to the detection quality. Traditional data mining schemes are used to reduce data that often use metrics, association rules, and binary values for frequent patterns as indicators for finding interesting knowledge about an event. However, these may not be directly applicable to the network due to certain constraints (communication, computation, bandwidth). We discover that, the indicators may not reveal meaningful information for event detection in practice. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive data mining framework for event detection in the CPS named DPminer, which functions in a distributed and parallel manner (data in a partitioned database processed by one or more sensor processors) and is able to extract a pattern of sensors that may have event information with a low communication cost. To achieve this, we introduce a new sensor behavioral pattern mining technique called differential sensor pattern (DSP) which considers different frequencies and values (non-binary) with a set of sensors, instead of traditional binary patterns. We present an algorithm for data preparation and then use a highly-compact data tree structure (called DP-Tree) for generating the DSP. An important tradeoff between the communication and computation costs for the event detection via data mining is made. Evaluation results show that DPminer can be very useful for networked sensing with a superior performance in terms of communication cost and event detection quality compared to existing data mining schemes.