Overview of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics

Abstract Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics (PK) in the discovery of drugs and their development have mesmerized scientists enormously in the last few years because researchers from both fields (i.e., medical and pharmaceuticals) have identified their immense aptitude toward the efficient designing of formulations. Both biopharmaceutics and PK are essential to enhance the results of drug therapies that can support drug product development and the determining of PK–pharmacodynamics models. Further, they also help in the establishment of in vitro–in vivo correlations of the drug. Pharmaceutical scientists need to be thorough with the basics of PK and be aware of the innovations in this field to improve the efficiency of the drug discovery process. This chapter deals in detail with the various innovations that currently rule this field.

[1]  D. Roberts,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Kidney Disease: Fundamental Principles. , 2018, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[2]  R. Paschke,et al.  Fine-needle aspiration diagnoses of noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. , 2015, American journal of clinical pathology.

[3]  Ye Fang,et al.  Ligand–receptor interaction platforms and their applications for drug discovery , 2012, Expert opinion on drug discovery.

[4]  H. Gurney,et al.  Evidence for therapeutic drug monitoring of targeted anticancer therapies. , 2012, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[5]  T. Pal,et al.  Comparative biodistribution and safety profiling of olmesartan medoxomil oil-in-water oral nanoemulsion. , 2016, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[6]  D. Hao,et al.  Drug Metabolism and Disposition Diversity of Ranunculales Phytometabolites , 2019, Ranunculales Medicinal Plants.

[7]  R. Palme,et al.  Impact of three commonly used blood sampling techniques on the welfare of laboratory mice: Taking the animal’s perspective , 2020, PloS one.

[8]  J. McCauley,et al.  Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Omadacycline against Haemophilus influenzae Using a One-Compartment In Vitro Infection Model , 2020, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[9]  Dimitrios I. Fotiadis,et al.  Physiological Models and Exogenous Input Modeling , 2017 .

[10]  Rakesh K. Tekade,et al.  Specialized tablets: ancient history to modern developments , 2019, Drug Delivery Systems.

[11]  F. Hafner,et al.  Mass balance, metabolic disposition, and pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of regorafenib in healthy human subjects , 2017, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.

[12]  D. Marazziti,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodinamics of psychotropic drugs: effect of sex , 2013, CNS Spectrums.

[13]  K Domschke,et al.  Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017 , 2017, Pharmacopsychiatry.

[14]  Sara Nidal Abed,et al.  Influence of Drug Properties and Routes of Drug Administration on the Design of Controlled Release System , 2018 .

[15]  K Rowland-Yeo,et al.  Basic Concepts in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Drug Discovery and Development , 2013, CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology.

[16]  R. Thirumurugan,et al.  BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS , 2015 .

[17]  S. Montgomery.  Clinical measures of rapid onset of action , 1997, European Psychiatry.

[18]  S. Heysell,et al.  Systematic Review of Salivary Versus Blood Concentrations of Antituberculosis Drugs and Their Potential for Salivary Therapeutic Drug Monitoring , 2017, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[19]  R. Tekade,et al.  Cancer-targeted chemotherapy: Emerging role of the folate anchored dendrimer as drug delivery nanocarrier , 2020 .

[20]  R. Tekade,et al.  Gene delivery to tackle diabetic nephropathy , 2020 .

[21]  R. Obach,et al.  DMD054031 1975..1993 , 2013 .

[22]  S. R. Verma,et al.  Determination of the Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) and the safe Concentration for Certain Aquatic Pollutants , 1981 .

[23]  R. Tekade,et al.  Self-microemulsifying drug-delivery system: ongoing challenges and future ahead , 2020, Drug Delivery Systems.

[24]  M. De Carvalho Bittencourt,et al.  Detection and quantification of CSF malignant cells by the CellSearch® technology in patients with melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis , 2013, Medical Oncology.

[25]  A. Pesce,et al.  Interpretation of urine drug testing in pain patients. , 2012, Pain medicine.

[26]  Yong Zhang,et al.  PKSolver: An add-in program for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data analysis in Microsoft Excel , 2010, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[27]  R Panchagnula,et al.  Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics in drug research. , 2000, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[28]  R. Tekade,et al.  Development of Metronidazole Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Using QbD Approach—A Novel and Potential Antibacterial Formulation , 2020, Pharmaceutics.

[29]  Scott E. Hadland,et al.  Objective Testing: Urine and Other Drug Tests. , 2016, Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America.

[30]  F. Simonin,et al.  Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities , 2014, Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.

[31]  C. Friesen,et al.  Safety and Tolerance of D,L-Methadone in Combination with Chemotherapy in Patients with Glioma. , 2017, Anticancer research.

[32]  Michel M. R. F. Struys,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Propofol , 2018, Clinical Pharmacokinetics.

[33]  K. Kalia,et al.  Fabrication of Mucoadhesive-Dendrimers as Solid Dosage Forms. , 2019, Methods in molecular biology.

[34]  Robert G. Pearce,et al.  Evaluating In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation of Toxicokinetics , 2018, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[35]  K. Teschke,et al.  Antineoplastic drug contamination in the urine of Canadian healthcare workers , 2015, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.

[36]  H. Dalton,et al.  Chapter 36 - Gastrointestinal drugs , 2009 .

[37]  R. Tekade,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: An advanced drug delivery and diagnostic tool , 2020, The Future of Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research.

[38]  R. Tekade,et al.  Hydrotropy, mixed hydrotropy, and mixed solvency as trending concept for solubilization of lipophilic drugs , 2020 .

[39]  M. Struys,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dexmedetomidine , 2017, Clinical Pharmacokinetics.

[40]  Annette Kopp-Schneider,et al.  Summarizing EC50 estimates from multiple dose‐response experiments: A comparison of a meta‐analysis strategy to a mixed‐effects model approach , 2014, Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift.

[41]  P. Sengupta,et al.  Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Features of Nanoemulsion Following Oral, Intravenous, Topical and Nasal Route. , 2017, Current pharmaceutical design.

[42]  G. Dahl,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and the drug-target residence time concept. , 2013, Drug discovery today.

[43]  R. Tekade,et al.  Microemulsion as drug and gene delivery vehicle: an inside story , 2019, Drug Delivery Systems.

[44]  S. Alqahtani,et al.  Experimental models for predicting drug absorption and metabolism , 2013, Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology.

[45]  Mukesh C. Sharma,et al.  Recombinant blood products and therapeutic enzymes: An update , 2020 .

[46]  T. Arafat,et al.  Saliva versus plasma pharmacokinetics: theory and application of a salivary excretion classification system. , 2012, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[47]  R N Upton,et al.  The two-compartment recirculatory pharmacokinetic model--an introduction to recirculatory pharmacokinetic concepts. , 2004, British journal of anaesthesia.

[48]  M. Abdelguerfi,et al.  Introduction 1.2 Parallel Database Systems 1.2.1 Computation Model 2 1.2 Parallel Database Systems Introduction Select * from Employee, Department Where (employee.dept_no @bullet Department.dept_no) and (employee.position = "manager") (a) Sql Request 1.2.2 Engineering Model , 2022 .

[49]  Jason A Roberts,et al.  Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobials. , 2012, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[50]  R. Tekade,et al.  Endosomal escape tendency of drug delivery systems to mediate cytosolic delivery of therapeutics , 2020 .

[51]  W. Krzyzanski,et al.  Quantitative assessment of minimal effective concentration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents , 2013, CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology.

[52]  Mukesh C. Sharma,et al.  Recent advancements in solubilization of hydrophobic drugs , 2020 .

[53]  E. Strauss,et al.  Correlation of Synovial Fluid Biomarkers With Cartilage Pathology and Associated Outcomes in Knee Arthroscopy. , 2016, Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association.

[54]  Laszlo Endrenyi,et al.  Estimation of Cmax and Tmax in Populations After Single and Multiple Drug Administrations , 2003, Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

[55]  Piyush Gondaliya,et al.  Method and its Composition for encapsulation, stabilization, and delivery of siRNA in Anionic polymeric nanoplex: An In vitro- In vivo Assessment , 2019, Scientific Reports.

[56]  P Blardi,et al.  A short introduction to pharmacokinetics. , 2002, European review for medical and pharmacological sciences.

[57]  Thomas M. Polasek,et al.  The ABCD of clinical pharmacokinetics , 2013, Therapeutic advances in drug safety.

[58]  B. Mayer,et al.  Tolerance to nitroglycerin through proteasomal down-regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in a genetic mouse model of ascorbate deficiency , 2012, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology.

[59]  K. Kalia,et al.  Kaempferol in ameliorating diabetes-induced fibrosis and renal damage: An in vitro and in vivo study in diabetic nephropathy mice model. , 2020, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[60]  P. K. Nigam.  Correct Blood Sampling for Blood Gas Analysis. , 2016, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR.

[61]  R. Tekade,et al.  Dendrimers as novel drug-delivery system and its applications , 2020 .