The history of external fixation, a revolution idea for the treatment of limb’s traumatized and deformities: from hippocrates to today.

Nowadays external fixation was sold as a final synthesis for fracture, but it remains a gold standard for the correction of limb’s deformities and for orthopedic damage control. In this paper, we retrace the history of this valuable surgical technique.

[1]  A. Caraffa,et al.  The emergency and delay management in total talus extrusion: Case report and review of literature after 24 months of follow up , 2016 .

[2]  A. Caraffa,et al.  The management of pin-care in external fixation technique: Povidone-Iodine versus sodium hypochlorite 0,05% (Amukina-Med®) medications , 2016 .

[3]  J. Hutson,et al.  Tibiocalcaneal Arthrodesis Using the Ilizarov Technique in the Presence of Bone Loss and Infection of the Talus , 2008, Foot & ankle international.

[4]  Song Guoqing,et al.  External Skeletal Fixation for the Prevention and Treatment of Infection in Open Tibial Fractures , 2000 .

[5]  S. Green,et al.  Skeletal defects. A comparison of bone grafting and bone transport for segmental skeletal defects. , 1994, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[6]  R. Aldegheri,et al.  The callotasis method of limb lengthening. , 1989, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[7]  F. Burny.  [Elastic external fixation of fractures of the long bones]. , 1986, Archivio "Putti" di chirurgia degli organi di movimento.

[8]  C. Parkhill.  A New Apparatus for the Fixation of Bones after Resection and in Fractures with a Tendency to Displacement: With Report of Cases , 1983 .

[9]  F. Burny,et al.  [Biomechanical study of the Hoffman external fixation device]. , 1972, Acta orthopaedica Belgica.

[10]  G. Nicole-Genty.  [Malgaigne. His ideas on the history of medicine]. , 1965, Le Progres medical.

[11]  L. Breidenbach,et al.  THE STADER REDUCTION SPLINT: FOR TREATING FRACTURES OF THE SHAFTS OF THE LONG BONES. , 1993, Annals of surgery.

[12]  A. Proctor.  The Operative Treatment of Fractures , 1927, The Indian medical gazette.

[13]  L. Freeman.  THE APPLICATION OF EXTENSION TO OVERLAPPING FRACTURES, ESPECIALLY OF THE TIBIA, BY MEANS OF BONE SCREWS AND A TURNBUCKLE, WITHOUT OPEN OPERATION , 1919, Annals of surgery.

[14]  L. Freeman.  XII. The Treatment of Oblique Fractures of the Tibia and other Bones by Means of External Clamps Inserted through Small Openings in the Skin. , 1911, Annals of surgery.

[15]  L. Freeman.  THE UNION OF UNUNITED FREACTURES OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR BY OPEN OPERATION , 1904, Annals of surgery.

[16]  C. Parkhill.  I. Further Observations regarding the Use of the Bone-Clamp in Ununited Fractures, Fractures with Malunion, and Recent Fractures, with a Tendency to Displacement. , 1898, Annals of surgery.