Crop Rotation and Management Effect on Fusarium spp. Populations

Fusarium spp. are common fungal pathogens that infect a number of field and vegetable crops. Crop rotation, genetic resistance, and fungicides are the primary methods used for managing these pathogens; however, there is a lack of information regarding the interactions between these management strategies and how they impact Fusarium spp. population dynamics. Therefore, the objective of this research was to quantify the effect of crop rotation and management (i.e., variety selection and fungicide use) on F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, and F. virguliforme populations in the soil using realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpCr). Soil samples were collected in 2011 and 2012 from a long-term corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation study near Arlington, WI, and populations for each species (spores g−1 of soil) were quantified from extracted soil DNA. Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent Fusarium sp. found. Crop rotation and management did not impact F. oxysporum populations nor F. virguliforme presence. A crop rotation by fungicide interaction was found for F. graminearum (P < 0.001), but this interaction was primarily affected by crop rotation. As expected, F. graminearum was found more often in plots with wheat as part of the rotation. This study found few interactions among crop rotation, variety selection, and fungicide use for controlling populations of three Fusarium spp. in the soil, and significant interactions or individual control methods were dependent on the species being examined. D.A. Marburger, S.P. Conley, J.G. Lauer, and J.M. Ané, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706; M. Venkateshwaran, School of Agriculture, Univ. of Wisconsin, 313 Pioneer Tower, 1 University Plaza, Platteville, WI 53818; P.D. Esker, CIPROC, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0206-9-088. This is a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Received 10 Mar. 2014. *Corresponding author (dmarburger@wisc.edu). Abbreviations: CFU, colony forming unit; CSW, corn followed by soybean followed by wheat; CsWsS, corn followed by wheat followed by soybean rotation system used to mimic a livestock operation in which corn was harvested as silage and wheat straw was removed where appropriate; DON, deoxynivalenol; FHB, Fusarium head blight; Cq, quantification cycle; CWS, corn followed by wheat followed by soybean; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; R, relative resistance; S, relative susceptibility; SDS, sudden death syndrome; WW, continuous wheat. Published in Crop Sci. 55:365–376 (2015). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2014.03.0199 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

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